Mitochondrial preproteins are transported through the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex. Tim50 and Tim23 then transfer preproteins with N-terminal targeting presequences through the intermembrane space (IMS) across the inner membrane. The crystal structure of the IMS domain of Tim50 [Tim50(164-361)] has previously been determined to 1.83 Å resolution. Here, the crystal structure o...

leges and universities have invested heavily in information technology in the belief that it would enhance learning and enrich the student experience. Several recent highprofile reports and articles, however, argue that most investments in technology have not paid off. In their study “Thwarted Innovation: What Happened to e-Learning and Why,” Robert Zemsky of the University of Pennsylvania and ...

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 347 IN VITRO SYSTEMS FOR STUDYING MICROTUBULE-BASED ORGANELLE TRANSPORT .............. 349 Axonal Transport ..................................................................................................... 349 Organdie Transport in Nonneuronal Cells ......................

zogenes are differentiated cells capable of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Hairy roots also have a high rate of proliferation. They are therefore expected to become widely used culture systems for the production of useful secondary metabolites and for studies on the production of biologically active compounds and transformation of organic substrates. We reported the production of a ...