Gainetdinov et al. (1) reported that in dopamine transporter (DAT) knockout (KO) mice, which have elevated dopamine (DA) tone and are hyperactive, both psychostimulants and drugs that increase serotonin concentration in the brain decreased locomotor activity. They therefore suggested that the calming effects of psychostimulants in the DAT-KO mice are due to their ability to increase serotonin c...

OBJECTIVE Evaluate nonmedical use (NMU) of ADHD prescription stimulants (Ritalin(®), Adderall(®), Adderall(®) XR, Concerta(®), and Vyvanse(®)) in a U.S. adult general population sample. METHOD In all, 10,000 adults (aged 18-49) from an online, opt-in panel, proximity matched to U.S. Census demographics, were surveyed to assess NMU prevalence, routes of administration (ROA), reasons for NMU, a...

Matched combinations of Brønsted or Lewis acids with suitable pro-electrophiles and secondary amine organocatalysts enable the novel enantioselective syntheses of carbamoyl dihydroquinoline and tetrahydropyridine derivatives with concomitant formation of two stereocenters. A short formal asymmetric synthesis of (2R,2'R)-threo-methylphenidate (Ritalin) is also described.