Texture boundary detection (or segmentation) is an important capability in human vision. Usually, texture segmentation is viewed as a 2D problem, as the definition of the problem itself assumes a 2D substrate. However, an interesting hypothesis emerges when we ask a question regarding the nature of textures: What are textures, and why did the ability to discriminate texture evolve or develop? A...

The present study aimed to explore whether culture method had an influence on DNA methylation in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, CRC cells were cultured in two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D) and mouse orthotopic transplantation (Tis) cultures. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for global visualization of the three samples. A Venn diagram was applied for inters...

PURPOSE We developed a method of image data projection of bone SPECT into 3D volume-rendered CT images for 3D SPECT/CT fusion. The aims of our study were to evaluate its feasibility and clinical usefulness. METHODS Whole-body bone scintigraphy (WB) and SPECT/CT scans were performed in 318 cancer patients using a dedicated SPECT/CT systems. Volume data of bone SPECT and CT were fused to obtain...

The aim of this study was to examine the difference in the myocardial volume between end-diastole and end-systole in 24 human volunteers, using steady-state free precession gradient-echo cine imaging of both long- and short-axis views of the left ventricle and a newly developed three-dimensional (3D) analysis method. In addition, we examined retrospectively the cine magnetic resonance imaging (...

BACKGROUND Cardiac phenotypes, such as left ventricular (LV) mass, demonstrate high heritability although most genes associated with these complex traits remain unidentified. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have relied on conventional 2D cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) as the gold-standard for phenotyping. However this technique is insensitive to the regional variations in wall t...

AIMS to evaluate whether the three-dimensional (3D) left atrial volume index (LAVI) and/or the presence of carotid plaques (CP) can predict the result of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE), thereby aiding interpretation. METHODS AND RESULTS we studied 130 patients (52 male, mean age 63 ± 11 years) with normal resting wall motion (WM) undergoing DSE. All patients had the end-systolic 2D ...

numerical investigation of 3d electrokinetic mixing through micromixer has performed both qualitatively and quantitatively. in order to reduce numerical expenses of 3d flows, we implement the helmholtz-smoluchowski method for the numerical modeling of electroosmotic flows. according to the previous study of electrokinetic mixing inside the heterogeneous microchannels, existence of the vortexes ...

a numerical study of 3d electrokinetic flows through micromixers was performed. the micromixers considered here consisted of heterogeneous rectangular microchannels with prescribed patterns of zeta-potential at their walls. numerical simulation of electroosmotic flows within heterogeneous channels requires solution of the navier-stokes, ernest-plank and species concentration equations. it is kn...

New technology in ultrasound imaging is allowing women to view more visually precise images of their fetuses than ever before. Maternal-fetal bonding describes the attachment interaction that forms between a mother and her unborn child. Ultrasound diagnosis modalities including two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) may create differences in the amount of materna...