A microbial desalination cell (MDC) uses exoelectrogenic bacteria to oxidize organic matter while desalinating water. Protons produced from the oxidation of organics at the anode result in anolyte acidification and reduce performance. A new method was used here to mitigate anolyte acidification based on adding non-buffered saline catholyte effluent from a previous cycle to the anolyte at the be...

Zeta potential is a physicochemical parameter of particular importance in describing ion adsorption and double layer interactions between charged particles. However, for metal-oxide nanoparticles, the conversion of electrophoretic mobility measurements into zeta potentials is difficult. This is due to their very high surface electrical conductivity, which is inversely proportional to the size o...

The frequencies at which vegetative cells and spores of Clostridium botulinum strains 56A, 62A, 17409A, 25763A, 213B, B-aphis, and 169B formed colonies on agar media containing 0, 10(sup2), 10(sup3), and 10(sup4) IU of nisin per ml at 30(deg)C were determined. Strain 56A had the highest frequencies of nisin resistance, while strains 62A, 169B, and B-aphis had the lowest. For most strains, spore...

Highly purified trachoma elementary bodies (T'ang strain), incubated in the presence of the four nucleoside triphosphates [Mg(2+), Mn(2+), 2-mercaptoethanol, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer (pH 7.5)] were found to incorporate (3)H-uridine triphosphate (UTP) into ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. Eighty-seven per cent of the labeled molecules were sensitive to ribonuclease treatment. In v...

This study focuses on the impact of landfill high concentration solutions erosion on geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials permeability. The permeation tests on the GCL, submerged using different kinds of solutions with different concentrations, were carried out systematically by taking these chemical solutions as permeant liquids. Based on seasonal variations of ion concentrations in Chenjia...

A few years ago it was found ls2 that the effect of pure gelatin and crystalline egg albumin on the conductivity of a 0.6 per cent NaCl solution is dependent on the hydrogen ion concentration. Additional increments of protein increased total conductivity when the proteins were highly ionized (pH 3.3) and decreased it when they were relatively less ionized (pH 5.1 and 7.4). At the reaction of hu...

Metastases in the liver frequently grow as scattered tumor nodules that neither can be removed by surgical resection nor focally ablated. Previously, we have proposed a novel technique based on irreversible electroporation that may be able to simultaneously treat all nodules in the liver while sparing healthy tissue. The proposed technique requires increasing the electrical conductivity of heal...

The current study was conducted in a pot experiment with sand bed soil for two winter seasons (2019/20, 2020/21) to illuminate the impact of calcium lignosulfonate (Ca-LIGN) (100 mg/L) alleviating various levels NaCl (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM) on barley cultivars, Giza132 Giza133. Giza133 outgrew under salinity stress by accumulating less Na+ content retaining more K+ content. Surprisingly, Ca-L...