Decision making is impacted by uncertainty and risk (i.e., variance). Activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, an area implicated in decision making, covaries with these quantities. However, this activity could reflect the heightened salience of situations in which multiple outcomes-reward and reward omission-are expected. To resolve these accounts, rats were trained to respond to cues predicting ...

OBJECTIVE To review the demographic data, imaging features, and outcomes of paediatric haemangiomas. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS A total of 58 children diagnosed with haemangioma between 1998 and 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographic data, imaging features, type of treatment received, and outcomes. RESULTS In all, 19 (33%) of...

For three species of grasshoppers the volumes of the largest and the smallest metaphase chromosome differ by a factor of 10, but the microtubules (MTs) attached to the individual kinetochores show no corresponding range in numbers. Locusta mitotic metaphase chromosomes range from 2 to 21 mum, and the average number of MTs per kinetochore is 21 with an SD of 4.6. Locusta meiotic bivalents at lat...

Five ruminally, duodenally, and ileally cannulated sheep (average BW 62 kg) were fed 65% roughage: 35% concentrate diets (CP = 15%) in a 5 x 5 Latin square design to study the applicability of using a combination of defaunation with N supplements (soybean meal [SBM], corn gluten meal [CGM], blood meal [BM], urea, and casein) with different extents of ruminal degradation to manipulate microbial ...