A small number of large hominoid specimens are known from the late Miocene of Turkey. (This paper focuses on the two specimens known until 1996. New fossils described by Alpagut et al. ([1996] Nature 382:349-351) are briefly discussed in this paper as well.) Among these, a fragmentary mandible is the type specimen of Ankarapithecus meteai. Another specimen, a partial face, is from the same taxo...

Personality ratings of 34 spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) were made by 4 observers who knew the animals well. Analyses suggest that (a) hyena personality traits were rated with generally high reliability; (b) 5 broad dimensions (Assertiveness, Excitability, Human-Directed Agreeableness, Sociability, and Curiosity) captured about 75% of the total variance; (c) this dimensional structure could n...

background: cigarette butts have been shown to release numerous kinds of chemicals such as heavy metals in water and may be a continual source of aquatic environments contamination after discarding. the objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of cd and pb in cigarette filters of different iranian and non-iranian brands in smoked and non-smoked samples. methods: ten dif...

INTRODUCTION CCR5 (R5) tropic viruses are associated with early stages of infection, whereas CXCR4 (X4) HIV-1 tropism has been associated with severe immunodeficiency. We investigated the temporal changes in the genotype-predicted tropism frequency and the phylogenetic relationships between the R5 and non-R5 clades. METHODS A cohort of 194 patients with a newly diagnosed HIV infection that wa...

The presence of moral hazard in the banking sector can have worrying results. This paper examines the role of government guarantees to banks in generating moral hazard in Iran. We test for moral hazard among bank creditors by determining whether protected banks received more funds from creditors than non-protected banks. Empirically, to determine the existence of moral hazard among bank manag...

Sinolatindia petila gen. n. and sp. n. (Blattodea: Corydiidae: Latindiinae) is reported from Yunnan Province, China. Description, illustrations and a distribution map of the new taxon are provided. Comparisons with the type genus Latindia Stål, 1860 and the genus Homopteroidea Shelford, 1906 are given.

A new species of the troglobitic spider genus Typhlonesticus is described from specimens found in Keloğlan Cave (Denizli Province, Dodurgalar Town), Turkey. Typhlonesticus gocmeni sp. n. is described on the basis of both sexes; and its phylogenetic relationships with closely related European genera and species are discussed based on morphological and molecular data (the cox1, rrnL and H3 genes)...

The timing and magnitude of an escape reaction is often the determining factor governing a copepod's success at avoiding predation. Copepods initiate rapid and directed escapes in response to fluid signals created by predators; however little is known about how copepods modulate their behavior in response to additional sensory input. This study investigates the effect of light level on the esca...

The holotype and additional specimens of the Tasmanian endemic Phelea breviceps Hansen, 1999, and the holotype of Crenitis neogallica Gentili, 1996 were examined in order to explore their generic and tribal placement. The morphology of Phelea is illustrated in detail, its male genitalia are described for the first time, and it is confirmed as a member of Anacaenini, sharing numerous characters ...