This study aims to investigate effects of Piwil2 on autohpagy in a DN rat model. Sixty health SD rats were selected and divided into four group, including normal group, control, DN and Piwil2 therapy group. DN model (DN group) was established by injecting the streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) into rats. Piwil2 therapy group was injected with viral plasmid carrying Piwil2 mRNA to DN rats. The urinary pr...

Dn−1 = I −A · Dn−1 + Dn−2 = cn−1 I −A · Dn−2 + Dn−3 = cn−2 I .. .. .. −A · D1 + D0 = c1 I −A · D0 = c0 I Finally, by multiplying the first equation by An, the second by A, and so on, up to the last equation, and by adding the new equations up, we obtain the Cayley-Hamilton theorem. This is the proof in [1, p. 50]. If, instead, we multiply the first equation by A, the second by A, etc., and stop...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a fuel sensor in skeletal muscle with multiple downstream signaling targets that may be triggered by increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]). The purpose of this study was to determine whether increases in intracellular [Ca(2+)] induced by caffeine act solely via AMPKα(2) and whether AMPKα(2) is essential to increase glucose uptake, fatt...

For a separable metric space X, we consider possibilities for the sequence S(X) = {dn : n ∈ N} where dn = dimX. In Section 1, a general method for producing examples is given which can be used to realize many of the possible sequences. For example, there is Xn such that S(Xn) = {n, n + 1, n + 2, . . .}, Yn, for n > 1, such that S(Yn) = {n, n+ 1, n+ 2, n+ 2, n+ 2, . . .}, and Z such that S(Z) = ...

​Background and purpose: Glycation products, oxidative stress, and inflammation contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) due to the elevation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). This study aimed at investigating the effect of Cysteine (Cys) on TGF-β in DN rat model. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four g...

1. Abstract characterization of Dn The group Dn has two generators r and s with orders n and 2 such that srs−1 = r−1. We will show any group with a pair of generators like r and s (except for their order) admits a homomorphism onto it from Dn, and is isomorphic to Dn if it has the same size as Dn. Theorem 1.1. Let G be generated by elements a and b where an = 1 for some n ≥ 3, b2 = 1, and bab−1...

Let G = (V,E) be a simple connected graph with n vertices and e edges. Assume that the vertices are ordered such that d1 ≥ d2 ≥ . . . ≥ dn, where di is the degree of vi for i = 1, 2, . . . , n and the average of the degrees of the vertices adjacent to vi is denoted by mi. Let mmax be the maximum of mi’s for i = 1, 2, . . . , n. Also, let ρ(G) denote the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matri...

The bouquet of circles Bn and dipole graph Dn are two important classes graphs in topological theory. For n ≥ 1, we give an explicit formula for the average genus γavg(Bn) Bn. By this expression, one easily sees = (n − ln γ + 1 2) / 2 o(1), where is Euler-Mascheroni constant. Similar results obtained Dn. Our method mainly depends on technique generating series knowledge ordinary differential eq...

BACKGROUND Dioscoreanone (DN) isolated from Dioscorea membranacea Pierre has been reported to exert potent cytotoxic effects against particular types of cancer. The present study was carried out to investigate the cytotoxicity of DN against a panel of different human lung cancer cell lines. The study further examined the underlying mechanisms of its anticancer activity in the human lung adenoca...

OBJECTIVE Inflammation and fibrosis are essential promoters in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes. The present study examined the anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis effect of Tangshen Formula (TSF), a traditional Chinese medicine, on DN. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Protective role of TSF in DN was examined in a rat model of type 2 DN that was established by high...