Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte abnormality frequently complicated with chronic kidney disease. By injecting potassium chloride (KCl) solutions intravenously into bullfrogs, we reproduced typical electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities of hyperkalemia in the frog hearts, such as peaked T waves and widening QRS complexes. Simultaneous recordings cardiac action potentials showed morphological ...

Gaseous potassium (K) species released from biomass during thermochemical conversion pose challenges to reactors and human health. Photofragmentation tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (PF-TDLAS) was used for simultaneous, high-dynamic range measurements of atomic K, hydroxide (KOH) chloride (KCl) in flat flames seeded with KCl salt. An expression the PF-TDLAS signal is presented exper...

A red blood cell (RBC) from human exhibited direct electron transfer (DET) activity on a bare indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. A formal potential of -0.152 V vs. a silver-silver chloride saturated potassium chloride (Ag|AgCl|KCl(satd.)) was estimated for the human RBC (type AB) from a pair of redox peaks at around 0.089 and -0.215 V (vs. Ag|AgCl|KCl(satd.)) on cyclic voltammetric (CV) measurem...

Objective: In a previous work, we showed that asafoetida essential oil (AEO), from oleo-gum resin of Ferula asafoetida L. from the Apiaceae family, has a vasodilatory effect. This effect was both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent. The present study was designed to determine whether potassium channels and intracellular calcium release contribute to AEO-i...

The effects of extracellular rubidium chloride (1, 2, 4, and 8 HIM) on simultaneously recorded transmembrane action potentials and contractions of human papillary muscle in potassium-free solutions were investigated. In KCl-free solution, reduction in the duration of the action potential at the 25% and 50% levels of repolarization was associated with an increase in the force of contraction. Exp...

1. The release of catecholamines (CA) from rat adrenal incubated in vivo in Locke solution was studied. 2. Acetylcholine-induced release of CA and CA release by 56 mM KCl were inhibited by verapamil and lanthanum chloride which block calcium permeability. 3. CA secretion induced by salbutamol or by theophylline was unaffected by either verapamil or lanthanum chloride. 4. Dantrolene-sodium inhib...

• Recent observations on the isolated rabbit heart and in the intact dog have indicated that potassium (K) is antagonistic to the action of acetylcholine (ACh) on atrioventricular (A-V) transmission. Both groups of investigators reported that A-V block induced by ACh was abolished by K. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated in human subjects with varying degrees of A-V block, that K infusion im...

It has previously been reported by us that the immunosuppressant agent cyclosporine inhibits the ability of renal proximal tubule cells to regulate volume. Proximal renal tubule cells exposed to hypotonic solutions rapidly swell and subsequently shrink. Their regulatory cell volume decrease (RVD) is due to Ca2(+)-calmodulin regulated KCl efflux followed by osmotically obligated water. In proxim...

We have studied by the first-principles total energy method the off-center instability of a substitutional Li impurity in KCl. We report here the results of super-cell calculations of the energy associated with displacing the Li along [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] directions relative to the K vacancy. To understand the influence of relaxations, we performed th...