Abstract Invasive fungal pathogens are an increasing problem globally and can cause strong effects on forest ecosystems. In this study, we contrast vegetation surveys in eutrophic elm ( Ulmus glabra ) ash Fraxinus excelsior forests southern Sweden, conducted just prior to the arrival of Dutch disease (DED) 1989, then again 2021, several years after dieback (ADB) began. At sample plot scale, spe...