This chapter reviews the strange history of social choice, elements of which have been understood for perhaps two thousand years. Isolated thinkers in the 13th, 15th, 18th and 19th centuries made substantial contributions to the field but almost always in ignorance of the work of their predecessors. Social choice was not established as a cumulative field of study until the middle of the 20th ce...

Historical observations of cases of scurvy have been collected in the medical literature and given as inputs to the symbolic induction system CHARADE. The rules which were produced by the system simulate well the explanation given to scurvy in the 17th and 18th centuries. However, the results tend to show the importance of the implicit knowledge of the scientists, or their induction bias, to ex...

In the article authors deal with verification, attribution and introduction into scientific circulation of a number Hebrew inscriptions on Early Modern ceramic vessels. This issue has not been raised in Ukrainian archaeological publications yet. Such isolated were previously wrongly interpreted as potters’ marks. More than dozen vessels are known today. particular, they found during excavations...

A stuffed leopard more than a century old named Mayanja was destroyed on the 16th of March 2010 during fire that raked Kasubi (Kampala, Uganda)—the royal tombs Kings Buganda—listed among Unesco World heritage sites. leopard, god, river with execution sites running through heart kingdom Buganda, spirit, prince and twin born from incest. In history is layered, successive myths overlaid to erase o...

one of the prominent shophists lived in 4th and 5th hegira centuries (11th & 12th ad centuries) is ibn bakooyeh shirazi. in a poetic verse that saadi (14th ad century) mentioned baba koohi as pseudonym for ibn bakuyeh shirazi and within a phrase written by isa ibn joneid shirazi (15th ad cen.) at tazkereh-e- hezar mazar (literally hgiography of thousand tombs) book with title of babakoohi as we...

The focus of this study is the Teke fortresses from 18th-19th centuries in Turkmenistan, which have not been extensively studied Turkmen science. Previous work on topic has limited to technical descriptions historical objects by archaeologists. researchers attempt fill gap, using materials latest archaeological research and sources present a general picture issue its significance tribe. An inte...