Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a promising microbial polymer with potential applications in industry, agriculture and medicine. The use of high γ-PGA-producing strains is an effective approach to improve productivity of γ-PGA. In this study, we developed a mutant, F3-178, from Bacillus subtilis GXA-28 using genome shuffling. The morphological characteristics of F3-178 and GXA-28 were not ident...

Title: Effectiveness of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery using a neuronavigation: Clinical results of 178 pituitary adenomas Background: The present study assesses endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery using neuronavigation for pituitary adenoma. Methods and findings: Data were analyzed from 178 consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas who underwent endoscopic endonasal t...

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 gp41 folds into a six-helix bundle whereby three C-terminal heptad repeat regions pack in an anti-parallel manner against the coiled-coil formed by three N-terminal heptad repeats (NHR). Peptides that inhibit bundle formation contributed significantly to the understanding of the entry mechanism of the virus. DP178, which partially overlaps C-terminal heptad repeat...

Beta-arrestins are signaling adaptors that bind to agonist-occupied G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs) and target them for endocytosis; however, the mechanisms regulating receptor/!-arrestin complexes and trafficking in endosomes, remain ill defined. Here we show, in live cells, differential dynamic regulation of endosomal bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) complexes with either !arrestin-1 or -2. We...