A novel, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the evaluation of exemestane pharmacokinetics and its metabolites, 17β-dihydroexemestane (active metabolite) and 17β-dihydroexemestane-17-O-β-D-glucuronide (inactive metabolite) in human plasma. Their respective D3 isotopes were used as internal standards. Chromatograph...

The production of a β-lactamase can be induced by the presence of a β-lactam in the culture medium. Three distinct mechanisms have been discovered. In Bacillus licheniformis and Staphylococcus aureus, a penicillin receptor whose properties are similar to those of a PBP detects the presence of the antibiotic. In Citrobacter freundii, the damage caused by β-lactams to the peptidoglycan is detecte...

Abstract C 17 H 16 N 2 O 8 , monoclinic, P 1 / c (no. 14), a = 7.0825(4) Å, b 15.6168(9) 15.1086(9) β 93.3830(10)°, V 1668.19(17) Å 3 Z 4, R gt ( F ) 0.0543, wR ref 0.1443, T 170.15 K.

PURPOSE To elucidate the mechanism of 17-β estradiol (17β-E(2))-mediated protection of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from oxidative stress. METHODS Cultured ARPE-19 cells were subjected to oxidative stress with t-butyl hydroxide or hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of 17β-E(2). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using H(2)DCFDA fluorescence. Apoptosis was evaluated by c...

The border correlation function attaches to every word w a binary word β(w) of the same length where the ith letter tells whether the ith conjugate w′ = vu of w = uv is bordered or not. Let [u] denote the set of conjugates of the word w. We show that for a 3-letter alphabet A, the set of β-images equals β(An) = B∗ \ ([ abn−1 ] ∪D ) where D = {an} if n ∈ {5, 7, 9, 10, 14, 17}, and otherwise D = ...

Etiology of multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) remains unknown. Not all cases are associated with obstruction. We compared by immunohistochemistry 17 cases of MCDK (10 cases with and seven without obstruction) to 17 controls and 20 fetal kidneys. TGF-β was negative in obstructive MCDKs and positive in nonobstructive MCDK. IGF2 was overexpressed in obstructive and underexpressed in nonobstruct...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise pathogen-derived molecules and influence immunity to control parasite infections. This study aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression of TLRs 2 and 4, the expression and production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and the production of nitric oxide (NO) i...

Estrogens have multiple actions in the brain including modulating synaptic plasticity, connectivity, and cognitive behaviors. While the classical view of estrogens are as endocrine signals, whose effects manifest via the regulation of gene transcription, mounting evidence has been presented demonstrating that estrogens have rapid effects within specific areas of the brain. The emergence that 17...

The terminal stages of pulmonary development, called sacculation and alveologenesis, involve both differentiation of distal lung endoderm progenitors and extensive cellular remodeling of the resultant epithelial lineages. These processes are coupled with dramatic expansion of distal airspace and surface area. Despite the importance of these late developmental processes and their relation to neo...

Abstract C 36 H 24 N 4 O Cu, monoclinic, I 1 2 / a (no. 15), = 16.5119(17) Å, b 11.0747(7) c 17.6272(17) β 117.916(13)°, V 2848.3(5) Å 3 , Z 4, R gt ( F ) 0.0335, wR ref 0.0759, T 200 K.