Abstract In middle to late Byzantium, one finds dogmatic‐style sceptical arguments employed against human reason in relation divine revelation, where revelation becomes the sole criterion of certain truth contrast reason. This argumentative strategy originates early Christian authors, especially Clement Alexandria (c. 150–215 CE) and Gregory Nazianzen 329–390 CE), who maintain that is only doma...

Infectious diseases have caused great catastrophes in human history, as in the example of the plague, which wiped out half of the population in Europe in the 14th century. Ebola virus and H7N9 avian influenza virus are 2 lethal pathogens that we have encountered in the second decade of the 21st century. Ebola infection is currently being seen in West Africa, and H7N9 avian flu appears to have s...

This paper presents two cases of healed skull trauma recovered from medieval mass burial sites in Kutná Hora-Sedlec (Kutná Hora District/CZ). These recently unearthed pits are historically and contextually associated with key catastrophes: (1) a famine the early 14th century; (2) Black Death mid-14th century. The first evidence survival severe cranial injury highly probable surgical interventio...

The article is devoted to the work of Mahmud Kashani (d. 735/1334-35), who was a sheikh Suhravardiya Sufi order and author several significant works. object analysis one parts his most famous — prose treatise “The lamp that indicates true path, key sufficient amount [of mystical knowledge]”. deals with religious views scientific heritage Kashani. A commented translation part first section “On L...

Ethics, AIDS, and Africa – three concepts that conjure up a host of powerful associations. Ethics: our fragile human attempts to negotiate acceptable paths through conflicts of value. AIDS: the world's deadliest epidemic since the Black Plague of the 14th century. And Africa: cradle of humankind, burdened by colonization, famine, poverty and civil war. In what ways do ethics, AIDS and Africa go...