Soils at depths of 0 cm to 10 cm, 10 cm to 20 cm, and 20 cm to 40 cm from 37 vegetable greenhouses in Shandong Peninsula, East China, were collected, and 16 phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All 16 PAEs could be detected in soils from vegetable greenhouses. The total of 16 PAEs (Σ16PAEs) ranged from 1.939 mg/kg to 35.442 mg/kg, with an...

the purpose of this research was to study and predict fuel consumption rate of tractor due to different aspect ratios of chisel plow blade and to determine a general relationship equation between aspect ratio ( ) and fuel consumption rate.  an itm-399 (81 kw) tractor and a mounted-type chisel plow with 9 shanks were used. the 5 and 10 cm width chisel blades were used. the experiments were condu...

Global surface temperature is predicted to increase by at least 1.5°C by the end of this century. However, the response of soil microbial communities to global warming is still poorly understood, especially in high-elevation grasslands. We therefore conducted an experiment on three types of alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to study the effect of experimental warming on abundance a...

soil is known as a suitable reservoir for carbon sequestration. the objective of this study was to investigate the capability of haloxylon on sequestration of carbon in sand dunes of yahya abad, sabzevar, in northeastern iran. eighty soil samples were taken from two depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm under and between haloxylon trees. eight soil profiles under and between haloxylon trees were described ...

in order to investigate the effect of high density and depth of planting on agronomic characteristic of saffron, a field experiment was conducted as a complete randomized block design with three replications in faculty of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhad, iran during two growing seasons of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. treatments were six levels of high densities (8, 11, 13, 16, 19 and 21...

The anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) and nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane-oxidizing (n-damo) bacteria in a paddy soil core (0-100 cm) were investigated with newly designed primers targeting the hydrazine synthase β-subunit (hzsB) of anammox bacteria and the recently published primers targeting the pmoA and 16S rRNA genes of n-damo bacteria. The hzsB gene was identified as a proper biom...

Purpose: To quantify the DNA damage induced in a clinical megavoltage photon beam at various depths in and out of the field. Methods and Materials: MCNPX was used to simulate 10x10 cm and 20x20 cm 10 MV photon beams from a clinical linear accelerator. Photon and electron spectra were collected in a water phantom at depths of 2.5, 12.5 and 22.5 cm on the central axis and at off-axis points out t...

Snow on Antarctic sea ice plays a key role for sea ice physical processes and complicates retrieval of sea ice thickness using altimetry. Current methods of snow depth retrieval are based on satellite microwave radiometry, which perform best for dry, homogeneous snow packs on level sea ice. We introduce an alternative approach based on in-situ measurements of total (sea ice plus snow) freeboard...

Introduction: To enhance the dose to tumor, the use of high atomic number elements has been proposed. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticle distribution on dose enhancement in tumor when the tumor is irradiated by typical monoenergetic X-ray beams by considering homogeneous and inhomogeneous distributions of gold nanoparticles (GNPs)...