In recent years, there have been many and varied successful applications of the Vygotskian concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) to the area of literacy learning (e.g., Burkhalter, 1995; Combs, 1996; Steward, 1996). These applications, often developed as instructional programs, generally demonstrate the viability of providing children support within their ZPD and describe various wa...

Purpose: To apply educational models of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and approaches to assisted performance to existing knowledge about surgical skill acquisition, and thus provide a framework for potentially enhancing surgical education. Summary: The stages of the ZPD appear to be consistent with existing psychomotor theories of skill acquisition. The fourth phase of the ZPD, where t...

testing as a general trait of social life has received a great deal of attention by many language teachers and scholars. throughout history, people have been tested to prove their abilities and experiences or to confirm their capacities. many authorities have said that assessment and instruction should be integrated as a single and inseparable activity which seeks to understand development by a...

This paper considers how independent and interdependent learning can be fostered through a process approach to the teaching of writing. It does so by presenting the theoretical rational which underlies a university academic skills programme. Drawing on reports of this programme which have been published elsewhere (e.g., Brine & Campbell, 2002), it is a case study illustrating how scaffolding ca...

For decades, Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) has been utilized as an important theoretical framework for exploring and analysing the concept learning, but its implications teachers remain much less explored. In this article, I conceptualise some roots sociocultural theory learning and, on basis, explore ZPD ethical powerful zone teaching. Together with providing a thorough descrip...