background: the etiology of breast cancer and our understanding on the carcinogenicity of different risk factors is impotant for control programms. objective: we investigated the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (er, pr), and human epithelial receptor 2 (her2) overexpression and its associations, with environmental risk factors among breast cancer patients.  methods: we classif...

background: papillary thyroid carcinoma (ptc), occurs mostly in women and sex hormones may play a role in the pathogenesis and clinical course. the objective of this study was to determine the status and prevalence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in ptc with regard to age, gender, tumor size and lymph node involvement. methods: immunohistochemical stains were performed on 92 tissue block...

background: premenstrual dysphoric disorder (pmdd) is a mood disorder characterized with physical and affective symptoms during the luteal phase of susceptible women. objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the association of dopamine d3 receptor ( drd3 ) polymorphism, and cannabinoid receptor type 1 ( cnr1 ) polymorphism with pmdd. materials and methods: fifty one participants with...

male breast cancer is a rare disease with an increasing trend. due to limited information especially about the genetic basis of the disease in iran and the lower age of its onset, the disease requires more attention. the aim of this study was to screen the male patients with breast cancer for brca mutations as well as tissue markers of estrogen receptor (er), progesterone receptor (pr), human e...

The incidence of reproductive disorders is constantly increasing and affects 15% couples, with male's abnormalities diagnosed in almost half the cases. male gonads exert two major functions testis productions gametes (exocrine function) sexual hormones (endocrine function). In last decades, next to steroid receptors such as estrogen androgen receptors, involvement other members nuclear receptor...