Nitric oxide (NO) production and amino acid metabolism modulation, in particular abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent proline accumulation, are stimulated in planta by most abiotic stresses. However, the relationship between NO production and proline accumulation under abiotic stress is still poorly understood, especially in the early phases of plant development. To unravel this question, this work in...

Responses of soluble amino acids and organic acids to either ambient (36 Pa) or elevated (100 Pa) CO2 treatments were determined using barley primary leaves (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Brant). Total soluble amino acids were increased 33% by CO2 enrichment 9 days after sowing (DAS), but a decrease relative to the ambient CO2 treatment was observed with increasing leaf age. Marked declines of glutami...

Physiological control of stomatal conductance (Gs) permits plants to balance CO2-uptake for photosynthesis (PN) against water-loss, so optimizing water use efficiency (WUE). An increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO2]) will result in a stimulation of PN and reduction of Gs in many plants, enhancing carbon gain while reducing water-loss. It has also been hypothesized th...

The partitioning among carbon (C) pools of the extra C captured under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) determines the enhancement in C sequestration, yet no clear partitioning rules exist. Here, we used first principles and published data from four free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments on forest tree species to conceptualize the total allocation of C to below ground (TBCA) un...

The advanced power extraction (APEX) study aims at exploring new and innovative blanket concepts that can efficiently extract power from fusion devices with high neutron wall load. Among the concepts under investigation is the free liquid FW/liquid blanket concept in which a fast flowing liquid FW ( 2–3 cm) is followed by thick flowing blanket (B) of 40–50 cm thickness with minimal amount of st...

Sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) grow under different salinity regimes, from the open sea to lagoons and even rivers, but some mortality has been recorded in juvenile stages when exposed to low salinity water. Changes in water permeability of different osmoregulatory tissues could be the cause of reduction in blood osmotic pressure and death in some fish in fresh water (FW). In order to explore ...

The response of wheat crops to elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) was measured and modelled with the Australian Grains Free-Air CO2 Enrichment experiment, located at Horsham, Australia. Treatments included CO2 by water, N and temperature. The location represents a semi-arid environment with a seasonal VPD of around 0.5 kPa. Over 3 years, the observed mean biomass at anthesis and grain yield ranged from 4200 ...

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive growing seasons to determine and quantify the growth response of the olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Leccino) fruit and of its component tissues to tree water status. Pre-dawn leaf water potential (Psi(w)) and fruit volume were measured at about weekly intervals, and fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of the fruit tissues at 15, 20 and 21 w...