To the Editor: With interest, we read the article by Bacci et al. in which they conclude that Clostridium difficile strains containing the binary toxin gene were associated with a higher case-fatality rate after 30 days, even when the analysis was stratified for PCR ribotype (1). Although this was an appealing conclusion, in our opinion the study was severely limited by selection bias and confo...

the epidemic PCR-ribotype 001. In particular, the identity between the 2 PCR ribotypes was 100% for the HMW proteins and 77% for the LMW proteins. This study provides convincing evidence that the S-layer is well conserved in C. diffi cile PCR-ribotype 027 strains and has high identity with the slpA of the epidemic PCR-ribotype 001. Because C. diffi cile PCRribotypes 027 and 001 are the most fre...

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Noll MA , Ferrante JM (2016) Update on Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Screening. J Fam Med Dis Prev 2:027 Received: February 06, 2016: Accepted: March 11, 2016: Published: March 14, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Noll MA, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestrict...

Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 is a hypervirulent strain that has caused significant nosocomial diarrhea in many countries but has not yet been reported or isolated in Taiwan previously. Here, we present the characteristics of a case of C. difficile PCR ribotype 027 identified in Taiwan. Taiwan is located in a key transportation center of Asia. This report is important for alerting hosp...

Zhang Dang 1,2,3 ID , Yong Lv 1,2,*, Yourong Li 1,2 and Cancan Yi 1,2 1 Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; [email protected] (Z.D.); [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (C.Y.) 2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, ...

BACKGROUND Toxins A and B are the primary virulence factors of Clostridium difficile. Since 2002, an epidemic of C difficile-associated disease with increased morbidity and mortality has been present in Quebec province, Canada. We characterised the dominant strain of this epidemic to determine whether it produces higher amounts of toxins A and B than those produced by non-epidemic strains. ME...

BACKGROUND Since 2005, an increase in the prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) due to polymerase chain reaction ribotype 078 has been noticed in The Netherlands. This strain has also been identified as the predominant strain in pigs and calves. METHODS CDI caused by type 078 was studied in relation to CDI caused by the hypervirulent type 027 and by types other than 027 and 078....

The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is constantly changing and is influenced by antibiotic usage patterns, healthcare patient environment, and emergence of new strains. Between 1982 and 1991, 4 outbreak periods were noted in 1 hospital in Minnesota, each marked by clusters of specific strains, designated by restriction endonuclease typing (REA) as groups B and K (both type...

BACKGROUND Marked increases in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) incidence, driven by epidemic strain spread, is a global phenomenon. METHODS The Clostridium difficile Ribotyping Network (CDRN) was established in 2007 as part of enhanced CDI surveillance in England, to facilitate the recognition and control of epidemic strains. We report on changes in CDI epidemiology in England in the fi...