Free clusters of the layered semiconductor materials of type MS2 (M =Mo, W) are studied using mass and photoelectron spectroscopy and compared to theoretical predictions. In contrast to carbon fullerenes, these clusters prefer planar platelet structures. The dangling bonds at the edges are stabilized by excess S atoms. For WnS m we find that platelet structures dominate for clusters larger than...

When actinomycin-treated, MS2-infected Escherichia coli are labeled during a brief period later than 16 min after infection, the newly synthesized MS2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) appears first in the 30,000 x g sediment, probably bound to fragments of bacterial membranes, since the radioactivity can be released from the sediment with deoxycholate or urea. With longer labeling times, radioactivity al...

BACKGROUND Virus-like Particles (VLPs) display can be used to increase the immunogenicity of heterologous antigens. Here, we report the use of a bacteriophage MS2-based VLP display platform to develop a monovalent vaccine targeting a broadly neutralizing epitope in the minor capsid protein human papillomavirus (HPV) that provides broad protection from diverse HPV types in a mouse pseudovirus in...

The recently-introduced Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometry permits various types of MS2 acquisition methods. To date, these different MS2 strategies and the optimal data interpretation approach for each have not been adequately evaluated. This study comprehensively investigated the four MS2 strategies: HCD-OT (higher-energy-collisional-dissociation with Orbitrap detection), HCD-IT (HCD with ion ...

Amino acid residues 111-129 represent an immunodominant epitope of myelin basic protein (MBP) in humans with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*0401 allele(s). The MBP 111-129-specific T cell clone MS2-3C8 was repeatedly isolated from a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting an involvement of MS2-3C8 T cells in the pathogenesis. To address the pathogenic potential of the MS2-3C8 T cel...

Amino acid residues 111–129 represent an immunodominant epitope of myelin basic protein (MBP) in humans with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 * 0401 allele(s). The MBP 111– 129–specific T cell clone MS2-3C8 was repeatedly isolated from a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting an involvement of MS2-3C8 T cells in the pathogenesis. To address the pathogenic potential of the MS2-3C8 T ...

Several models (animal caliciviruses, poliovirus 1 [PV1], and F-specific RNA bacteriophages) are usually used to predict inactivation of nonculturable viruses. For the same UV fluence, viral inactivation observed in the literature varies from 0 to 5 logs according to the models and the methods (infectivity versus molecular biology). The lack of knowledge concerning the mechanisms of inactivatio...

Bacteriophage MS2 is used in place of pathogenic viruses in a wide variety of studies that range from testing of compounds for disinfecting surfaces to studying environmental transport and fate of pathogenic viruses in groundwater. MS2 is also used as a pathogen simulant in the research, development, and testing (including open air tests) of methods, systems, and devices for the detection of pa...

Inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triplet excited state of dissolved organic matter ((3)DOM*) produced by irradiation of natural and synthetic sensitizers with simulated sunlight of wavelengths greater than 320 nm was investigated. Natural sensitizers included purified DOM isolates obtained from wastewater and river waters, and water samples collected from S...