Diarrheal illness contributes to malnutrition, stunted growth, impaired cognitive development, and high morbidity rates in children worldwide. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major contributor to this diarrheal disease burden. ETEC cause disease in the small intestine by means of colonization factors and by production of a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and/or a small non-immunogenic...

Vaccinations are extremely effective at combating infectious diseases. Many conserved antigen (Ag) targets, however, are poorly immunogenic. Protein subunit vaccines frequently elicit only humoral immune responses and fail to confer protection against serious intracellular pathogens. These barriers to vaccine development are often overcome by the use of appropriate adjuvants. Heat-labile entero...

Some enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) produce a type II heat-labile enterotoxin (LT-II) that activates adenylate cyclase in susceptible cells but is not neutralized by antisera against cholera toxin or type I heat-labile enterotoxin (LT-I). LT-I variants encoded by plasmids in ETEC from humans and pigs have amino acid sequences that are ≥ 95% identical. In contrast, LT-II toxins are chro...

LT codes, the first universal erasure-correcting codes, have near-optimal performance over binary erasure channels for any erasure probability, but exhibit high bit error rate and error floor over the noisy channels. This paper investigated the performance of LT codes over the additive white Gaussian noise channels. We designed the systematic LT codes through reconstructing the bipartite graph ...

Lymphotoxin (LT) provides a critical signal for the genesis of lymph nodes (LN) in mice. Here we show that mice treated in utero with LT beta-R-Ig, which binds to the membrane LT alpha 1 beta 2 heterotrimer, lacked most LN, yet retained a set of mucosal surface draining LN. Since mice genetically deficient in LT alpha lack all LN, including the mucosal set, we hypothesize that a novel LT alpha-...

The proportion of patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) with renal insufficiency has significantly increased in the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) era. This study was designed to determine the incidence and predictors of post-LT chronic renal failure (CRF) and its effect on patient survival in the MELD era. Outcomes of 221 adult LT recipients who had LT between February 2002 ...

The proportion of patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT), with concomitant renal dysfunction, markedly increased after allocation by the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was introduced. We examined the incidence of subsequent post-LT end-stage renal disease (ESRD) before and after the policy was implemented. Data on all adult deceased donor LT recipients between April 27, ...

background: liver transplantation (lt) is now performed as a cure of numerous untreatable pediatric liver diseases. quality of life (qol) can be affected in pediatric patients with lt. many factors are responsible for lower scores of qol. this article aims to detail qol in liver recipients 6 months after lt in children. methods: qol assessed using child health quality-parent form 50 for parents...

Rats immunized with Escherichia coli heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin, either in the form of the holotoxin derived from a transformed K-12 strain or the polymyxin-release form obtained from human strains which produce LT toxin alone (LT+/ST- [ST is heat-stable toxin)] or together with ST toxin (LT+/ST+), were challenged with viable organisms of 10 different serotypes, 5 LT+/ST- and 5 LT+/ST+. The s...