SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA As with any surgery, care should be taken to determine patient selection criteria for lumbar TDR based on safety and optimizing outcome. These goals may initially be addressed by analyzing biomechanical implant function and early clinical experience, ongoing evaluation is needed to refine indications. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to synthesize information ...

The temperature-driven adaptation of the bacterial community in peat was studied, by altering temperature to simulate self-heating and a subsequent return to mesophilic conditions. The technique used consisted of extracting the bacterial community from peat using homogenization-centrifugation and measuring the rates of thymidine (TdR) or leucine (Leu) incorporation by the extracted bacterial co...

This study investigated the effectiveness of tetrandrine (TDR) on experimental allergic conjunctivitis secondary to ragweed pollen. SWR/J mice were divided as follows: group 1, normal controls; group 2, sensitized but untreated; group 3, sensitized, buffered saline (BS)-treated; and group 4, sensitized, TDR-treated. The last three groups were exposed to ragweed through topical contact on the na...

We investigated the prevalence of HIV-1-associated transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in Victoria from the time of first availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Drug resistance genotyping was performed on virus present in blood samples collected from individuals with serologically confirmed primary infection, between 1996 and 2007. The significance of any mutations detected was int...

TDR, the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, was set up in the mid-1970s to promote research to improve the health of the poor. This year TDR celebrates 30 years of its key decision-making body, the Joint Coordinating Board – one of the first such bodies to represent a balance of donor and disease-endemic countries. This year a new strategy marks a turning point fo...

An assessment of time-domain reflectometry (TDR) for measuring the characteristic impedance ZTL of transmission lines is performed. The assessment includes the accuracy of measuring ZTL as a function of TDR electrical impedance Zo, the ability to measure impedance perturbations as a function of ZTL and Zo, and the ability to differentiate between transmission lines of similar ZTL. The informati...

The thymidine analogue 4-thiothymidine (S(4)TdR) is a photosensitizer for UVA radiation. The UV absorbance spectrum of S(4)TdR and its incorporation into DNA suggests that it might act synergistically with nonlethal doses of UVA to selectively kill hyperproliferative or cancerous skin cells. We show here that nontoxic concentrations of S(4)TdR combine with nonlethal doses of UVA to kill prolife...

OBJECTIVE To elucidate etiological factors of heterotopic ossification (HO) by evaluating retrospectively if HO is a unique finding following cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) or a finding observable following an anterior cervical interbody fusion (ACIF). METHODS The authors had selected 87 patients who underwent anterior cervical surgery (TDR or ACIF), and could be followed up more than...

BACKGROUND The emergence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) compromises the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART), resulting in treatment failure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Although more than a decade has passed since ART was introduced into Indonesia, information on TDR is limited. Here, a genotypic study of TDR among ART-naïve individuals was conducted in Surabaya, Indo...

Radioactively labeled thymidine (TdR) has been used extensively to measure bacterial production in aquatic environments, but critical assumptions of the TdR technique often have gone untested. In this study of a coastal marine sediment, the metabolic fate of methyl [3H]TdR and methyl [14C]TdR was at variance with the assumptions necessary for determining bacterial production. Only 2% of incorpo...