The gain of a CCD camera is the conversion between the number of electrons ("e-") recorded by the CCD and the number of digital units ("counts") contained in the CCD image. It is useful to know this conversion for evaluating the performance of the CCD camera. Since quantities in the CCD image can only be measured in units of counts, knowing the gain permits the calculation of quantities such as...

An intelligent environment employing multiple vision sensors labeled with identification features is proposed. The union of the sensing ranges of these vision sensors covers a large unknown workspace where a mobile robot can proceed to explore. The goal of this research is to accomplish mobile robot localization and navigation based on such a calibration-free sensor network. Specifically, stati...

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidative cleavage steps from carotenoids to various carotenoid cleavage products. Some ccd genes have been identified and encoded enzymes functionally characterized in many higher plants, but little in cyanobacteria. We performed a comparative analysis of ccd sequences and explored their distribution, classificati...

Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is characterized by the unexplained losses of large numbers of adult worker bees (Apis mellifera) from apparently healthy colonies. Although infections, toxins, and other stressors have been associated with the onset of CCD, the pathogenesis of this disorder remains obscure. Recently, a proteomics study implicated a double-stranded DNA virus, invertebrate iridesce...

A complete lattice L is constructively completely distributive CCD L if the sup map de ned on down closed subobjects has a left adjoint It was known that in boolean toposes CCD L is equivalent to CCD L We show here that the latter property for all L su ciently for characterizes boolean toposes Research partially supported by grants from NSERC Canada Diagrams typeset using catmac Introduction Th...