BACKGROUND Disease modifying treatments (DMTs) are the main responsible for direct medical costs in multiple sclerosis (MS). The current investigation aims at evaluating possible associations between healthcare costs for treating relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and disease evolution. METHODS The present cohort study retrospectively included 544 newly diagnosed RRMS patients, prospectively follo...

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most debilitating disease among young adults. Understanding the disability score (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)) of these patients is helpful in choosing their treatment process. Calculating EDSS takes a lot of time for Neurologists, so having a way to estimate EDSS can be helpful. This study aimed to estimate the EDSS score of MS pati...

BACKGROUND Posturography is considered the gold standard objective measure of standing postural control in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). This reliable tool provides quantitative data related to risk of falling and white and gray matter brain damage due to MS. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether and to what extent, postural control declines throughout the disease process. We theref...

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a great inter-individual variability in disease course and severity. Some patients experience a rather mild course, controversially called 'benign MS' (BMS). The usefulness of this entity in clinical practice remains unclear. Methods We performed a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from November 19...

OBJECTIVE To better characterize the relationship between cerebral white matter lesion load (CWM-LL) and clinical disability by (1) covering the entire range of the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), (2) minimizing nonbiological sources of variability, and (3) increasing pathologic specificity by studying CWM lesions that are hypointense on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. ...

Cognitive and emotional capabilities were evaluated in 73 female patients with stable relapsing-remitting definite, and/or laboratory-supported multiple sclerosis (MS) and were compared with 32 matched healthy controls. Patients were categorized according to their score in the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) to either no (EDSS 0, n = 33) or few clinical signs (EDSS 1-2, n = 40) of MS wi...

The acquisition of a reliable and valid outcome measure in multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the holy grails for clinician researchers working in the field. The current standard for measuring MS-related disability is the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), a nonlinear scale ranging from 0 (normal neurologic examination) to 10 (death due to MS) [1]. Widely incorporated into MS clinical tria...

INTRODUCTION This study investigates the application of texture analysis methods on brain T2-white matter lesions detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the prognosis of future disability in subjects diagnosed with clinical isolated syndrome (CIS) of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Brain lesions and normal appearing white matter (NAWM) from 38 symptomatic untreated subjects diagn...