Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped, microaerophilic organism that colonizes the stomach of humans and causes chronic-active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancers, including adenocarcinoma of the stomach and MALT (mucosal-associated lymphoid tumor) lymphomas. H. pylori colonizes the stomach of over 50 % the world’s human population, primarily those who reside in...

Furunculosis is a serious, septicemic, bacterial disease found principally in salmonid fishes. but it may also occur in goldfish and other cyprinids. The common name of the disease is derived from the presence of “blisters” or furuncules on the surface of chronically infected salmonids (Snieszko and Bullock 1975). However, this sign is not diagnostic of this disease inasmuch as it may be encoun...

Richard Newland Dixon began his independent scientific career as a molecular spectroscopist in Sheffield, where he demonstrated new ways to measure, analyse and interpret the electronic spectra of small gas phase species. He later moved chair theoretical chemistry at University Bristol, embraced experimental methods, particularly techniques enabled by continuous wave pulsed lasers, honed skills...

The targeting of chaotic trajectories uses the sensitive dependence on initial conditions to produce large (desired) changes to the trajectory using small perturbations. One important application is to directing spacecraft using very small amounts of fuel, relying on the (Hamiltonian) chaos of the three body problem consisting of the spacecraft, earth, and moon or other planet. Another applicat...