the aim of this study was to find any structural differences between the digital pads of forelimbs and hind limbs as well as more careful investigation of the internal and external structures of the toe-pad. in this study, pad morphology and cytology in litoria caerulea is described using sem, tem and light microscopy. at the gross anatomical level, toe-pads in hind limbs were subdivided into m...

Wide variety of timings and techniques has been used based on the housing, production, availability of requirements etc. This current study was done for a morphologic evaluation of the cow's digit in different trimming times. A dairy herd with 2200 milking cow, free stalls barns, average daily production of 36 liters per cow was selected. Forty cows were assigned to four groups based on hoof tr...

The time at which the signal of climate change emerges from the noise of natural climate variability (Time of Emergence, ToE) is a key variable for climate predictions and risk assessments. Here we present a methodology for estimating ToE for individual climate models, and use it to make maps of ToE for surface air temperature (SAT) based on the CMIP3 global climate models. Consistent with prev...

INTRODUCTION Hallux valgus and lesser toe deformities are highly prevalent foot problems in older adults, affecting up to 74% of this population. One suggested cause of these toe deformities is inadequate strength of the intrinsic flexor muscles of the toes [1]. Adequate toe flexor strength is essential to control body weight shifts, propel the body during gait and assist in shock absorption du...

Objective: To evaluate the comparative diagnostic value of harmonic imaging (HI) in the assessment of patients with suspected infective endocarditis (IE). Setting: Tertiary referral centre. Design: 139 consecutive patients were evaluated with three imaging modalities: transthoracic echocardiography with fundamental imaging (FI); HI; and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE). Image quality was...

Blue toe syndrome is the most frequent manifestation of tissue ischemia caused by cholesterol embolization (CE), which can lead to amputation of affected lower extremities, if severe. However, any effective treatment is lacking. We experienced a case of spontaneously presenting blue toe syndrome and concomitant acute renal failure in a patient with multiple atherosclerotic risk factors. CE was ...

objective hyperextension of the big toe is described here as a simple and reliable sign to predict undercorrection of cavus deformity of clubfoot in the ponseti method. materials & methods this retrospective study was conducted on children with clubfoot who were treated successfully by ponseti method in the king fahad hospital, saudi arabia, and emam reza hospital, mashad, iran, from 2003 throu...