s i n c e t h e l a t e 1960s, s e v e r a l c o n s t i t u t i v e m o d e l s h a v e b e e n d e v e l o p e d f o r s a n d s d e s c r i b i n g t h e i r s t r e s s-s t r a i n e h a v i o r. m o s t o f t h e s e m o d e l s w e r e e s t a b l i s h e d b a s e d o n a m e a s u r e o f t h e p l a s t i c w o r k a n d s o m e y i e l d c r i t e r i a, a m o n g t h e m b e i n g t ...

trehalose is an important disaccharide signal metabolite in plants which is involved in various aspects of plant function such as response to stress, photosynthesis and carbon allocation and partitioning. a mutant of arabidopsis lacking trehalose-6-phosphate synthase activity (tps1) accumulates ascorbate. exogenous ascorbate application ameliorates trehalose induced growth inhibition of wild ty...

background :cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (ctla-4) is an important negative regulator of t-cell responses. the -1722tc polymorphism of the ctla-4 gene may be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) risk, but related results from previous studies have been inconsistent. we carried out a meta-analysis to assess this association more precisely.   methods : a systematic sea...

plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) is an alternative to chemical pesticides against harmful microorganisms especially soil-borne diseases. rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important soil-borne fungal pathogens that causes serious damages to important crops. in this study, to screen successful pseudomonas bacterial isolates, the inhibition of pathogen growth was evaluated in-vitro....

the most conveni ent me thod f or d e t ermining bone dose duri ng ext ra-oral . radi ogr aphy is ph o togr aph~c r adiation desimetry.this met hod was used bec ause, it is cheap,srnall l i ghtweight a nd adequately sens itive a nd i t a l s o prov i des a p e rmanent r ecor ds ( l o}. i t i s evident f r om thi s r eport tha t a r e l a tionsh i p e xist s between the bone and s k i n dose , a...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background: increased pro-inflammatory factors, metabolic profile and biomarkers of oxidative stress during pregnancy have been associated with development of several complications. to our knowledge, no reports are available indicating the effects of vitamin d supplementation on serum hs-crp, metabolic profile and bio markers of oxidative stress amo...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background: the h-reflex is a useful electrophysiological procedure for evaluating the status of the peripheral nervous system, especially at the proximal segment of the peripheral nerve. the purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between triceps surae h-reflex and m- response latencies and thigh length in normal population, in order t...

chiral pyrrolidines and pyrrolizidines with spirooxindole ring systems are the central skeletons for numerous alkaloids and pharmacologically important compounds. gelesmine, pseudotabersonine, formosanine, isoformosanine, morroniside and mitraphylline are some of the alkaloids containing spirooxindole ring systems. derivatives of spirooxindole find very wide biological applications as anti micr...

objective(s): hyperthermia is one of the most common environmental stressors that affect multi-biological systems in the body including the central nervous system as well as the hematopoietic organs. the objective of the present study was to investigate the protective role of ethanolic extract of propolis (eep) on some selective stress markers, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological ...