In 1956, Fraisse, et al. reported subjects judged that lines were longer when voluntary attention was focused on the lines than when attention was distracted from the lines. In the many attempts to repeat these results, none has ascertained whether attention on reported line length was a phenomenal effect. In the present study, 46 subjects were shown as stimuli pairs of horizontal or vertical b...

3 " If we were not able or did not desire to look in any new direction, if we did not have a doubt or recognize ignorance, we would not get any new ideas. There would be nothing worth checking, because we would know what is true. So what we call scientific knowledge today is a body of statements of varying degrees of certainty. Some of them are most unsure; some of them are nearly sure; but non...

in ttie uecemuer issue or tne maian Medical Gazette, there are several points raised which I would like to discuss as briefly as possible:? (i) Note on Locomotor Ataxy (p. 4G9). It is absolutely certain that this disease occurs in typical form amongst natives of India. During the last seven years I have had a good many cases admitted to my wards at the General Hospital. On the other hand, I hav...

Big data is ubiquitous in various fields of sciences, engineering, medicine, social sciences, and humanities. It is often accompanied by a large number of variables and features. While adding much greater flexibility to modeling with enriched feature space, ultra-high dimensional data analysis poses fundamental challenges to scalable learning and inference with good statistical efficiency. Sure...

I read with interest the recently published online article by Hasegawa et al. It was the title which first triggered my interest, including the phrase ‘double blind’. Wow, a double blinded study on acupuncture! This is of course the ‘highest’ level of research one can achieve in randomised controlled trials, and consequently highly appreciated among acupuncture researchers. However, it has been...

The aim of this paper is to argue that models in cognitive science based on probabilistic computation should not be restricted to those procedures that almost surely (with probability 1) terminate. There are several reasons to consider nonterminating procedures as candidate components of cognitive models. One theoretical reason is that there is a perfect correspondence between the enumerable se...

Surgeons share their challenges and dilemmas in making ethical decisions in these twelve personal stories. The three commentary articles draw out the lessons the stories address. The commentators come from diverse backgrounds including sociology, bioethics, nursing, and surgery.