We report that the Drosophila segmentation gene Krüppel (Kr) is expressed in neural precursor cells, neurons and glial cells at different stages of neurogenesis and that Kr mutants develop aberrant peripheral (PNS) and central (CNS) nervous systems. Expression derived from a Kr minigene rescues the segmentation defects but these embryos continue to lack most of the neural Kr activity. Phenotypi...

2014). Insights into the programmed ketoreduction of partially reducing polyketide synthases : stereo-and substrate-specificity of the ketoreductase domain. One of the hallmarks of iterative polyketide synthases (PKS) is the programming mechanism which is essential for the generation of structurally diverse polyketide products. In partially reducing iterative PKSs (PR-PKS), the programming mech...

Kin recognition (KR) is the ability to identify or distinguish kin from nonkin, and it is thought to be an important driving force in the evolution of social and sexual behaviour. Here, we provide an introduction to KR, including an overview of the main debates, the underlying mechanisms and evolutionary analyses. First, we examine the many evolving definitions for KR, as these have caused some...

OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of knowledge of results (KR) on vigilance accuracy and report the first use of positive and negative predictive power (PPP and NPP) to assess vigilance training effectiveness. BACKGROUND Training individuals to detect infrequent signals among a plethora of nonsignals is critical to success in many failure-intolerant monitoring technologies. KR has been widely...

Phylogeny reconstruction on a genome scale remains computationally challenging even for closely related organisms. Here we propose an alignmentfree pairwise distance measure, Kr, for genomes separated by less than approximately 0.5 mismatches/nucleotide. We have implemented the computation of Kr based on enhanced suffix arrays in the program kr, which is freely available from guanine.evolbio.mp...

Groundnut genotype AK-280 was treated with EMS 40 mM, 60 mM, gamma rays 30 kR, 40 kR, 50 kR and combination treatment of EMS 20 mM + gamma rays 20 kR. The observations on various quantitative characters were recorded in M2 generation. The flowering and maturity period was not much affected. For the character height of main axis genotype showed differential response to different treatments of mu...

Previous analyses of knowledge of results (KR) and motor learning have generally confounded the transient performance effects as shown when KR is present and the relatively permanent (i.e., learned) effects that we argue should be evaluated on a transfer test without KR. In this review, we classify investigations according to this distinction, and a number of new relations emerge between KR and...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder, known to cause a large number of motor and non-motor limitations. Research related to factors that affect motor control and learning in people with PD is still relatively limited. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different frequencies (100 versus 66%) of knowledge of results (KR) on the learning of a motor s...