Abstract Introduction Although the precise mechanisms by which anesthetics induce unconsciousness are unknown, there is evidence that shared brain circuits engaged during sleep and general anesthesia. The parafacial zone (PZ) of brainstem has recently been identified as a sleep-promoting region. Specifically, GABAergic neurons in PZ (PZ-GABA) active non-REM sleep. role PZ-GABA anesthetic-induce...

A technique was developed to evaluate the potency of ligand binding at M2 ACh receptors and to experimentally localize the M1 and M2 subtypes to specific neuronal processes. Normal and experimental material was prepared with tritiated ligand binding to cryostat-sectioned area 29c of posterior cingulate cortex in rat, coverslip autoradiography, and single-grain-counting techniques. Three fundame...

BACKGROUND There is no consensus regarding the association between polymorphisms in the myosin IXB (MYO9B) gene and celiac disease (CD) risk. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate genetic variants in MYO9B with CD. METHODS Four MYO9B polymorphisms (rs1545620, rs1457092, rs2305767 and rs2305764) were assessed. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary zygomycosis (PZ), an emerging mycosis among patients with cancer, has a clinical manifestation similar to that of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Most cases of PZ in such patients develop as breakthrough infections if treatment with antifungal agents effective against Aspergillus species is administered. However, clinical criteria to differentiate PZ from IPA are la...

The prevailing view has long been that mesenchymal cells at the apex of the vertebrate limb bud proliferate in a progress zone (PZ) under the influence of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER). According to the PZ model, proximodistal cell fates are specified according to the time spent in the PZ. New results, considered along with some earlier findings, fail to support this model.

To clarify the role of protein Z (PZ) in children with stroke/thromboembolism (TE), the present haplotype (HT)-based family study was performed. We genotyped 365 pediatric stroke/TE families (stroke n = 216; TE n = 149) for 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs3024718, rs3024731, rs3024772, and rs3024778) to assess the association between genetic variation within a conserved block of link...

We developed a rodent crista slice to investigate regional variations in electrophysiological properties of vestibular afferent terminals. Thin transverse slices of the gerbil crista ampullaris were made and electrical properties of calyx terminals in central zones (CZ) and peripheral zones (PZ) compared with whole cell patch clamp. Spontaneous action potential firing was observed in 25% of cur...

Let p be a prime, and let f : Z/pZ → R be a function with Ef = 0 and ‖f̂‖1 6 1. Then min x∈Z/pZ |f(x)| = O(log p). One should think of f as being “approximately continuous”; our result is then an “approximate intermediate value theorem”. As an immediate consequence we show that if A ⊆ Z/pZ is a set of cardinality ⌊p/2⌋ then ∑ r |1̂A(r)| ≫ (log p). This gives a result on a “mod p” analogue of Litt...

Protein Z (PZ) is a vitamin K-dependent factor identified in human plasma in 1984 characterized by an homology with other vitamin K-dependent factors (factor VII, IX, X, protein C). In contrast to these factors,PZ does not possess any enzymatic activity but is involved as a cofactor in the down-regulation of coagulation by forming a complex with the protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI)....

To assess the potential roles of protein Z (PZ) and protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) in venous thrombosis, their plasma levels were measured in 426 individuals with venous thrombosis and 471 control individuals participating in the Leiden Thrombophilia Study. A relationship between the level of PZ or ZPI and venous thrombosis was not detected in the overall case-control study. PZ an...