Sewage solids are usually characterized by non-specific parameters such as suspended solids. The suspended solids has been shown to be an inadequate index for advanced water treatment processes. In this study, the sewages solids particle size distribution was used to provide more detailed information on sewage characteristic. It is hoped that, by introducing particle size distribution, the mech...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of monitoring streams in Hawaii for FRNA coliphages as a reliable indicator of sewage contamination. This study was undertaken as a result of our previous findings that monitoring streams in Hawaii for traditional faecal indicator bacteria (faecal coliform, Escherichia coli, enterococci) was not useful in determining when streams are co...

BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat in veterinary medicine and human healthcare. Resistance genes can spread from animals, through the food-chain, and back to humans. Sewage sludge may act as the link back from humans to animals. The main aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in treated sewage sludge, in a Swedish was...

The stable isotope ratios of carbon (dC) and nitrogen (dN) of the muscle, ctenidia and viscera of the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, showed the dilution and assimilation of tertiary treated sewage along an estuarine gradient. The enriched N values of oyster ctenidia and viscera from within 50 m of the sewage outfall indicated the use of N-enriched tertiary treated sewage effluent (16...

Presently, the understanding of bacterial enteric diseases in the community and their virulence factors relies almost exclusively on clinical disease reporting and examination of clinical pathogen isolates. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of an alternative approach that monitors potential enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) prevalence an...

A pot experiment was conducted to study the influence of various irrigation regimes on some metabolic pools of wheat and alfalfa plants. The photosynthetic pigments and soluble proteins of the tested plants significantly increased when irrigated with sewage amended with Scenedesmus quadricauda or Nostoc sp. On the other hand, soluble carbohydrates decreased in wheat shoots at different treatmen...

AIMS To assess the risk for work related symptoms among sewage workers in Sweden using a postal questionnaire. METHODS All municipalities in Sweden were contacted and asked to provide addresses of sewage workers and controls. Controls were recruited among other municipal workers not exposed to sewage, such as workers in drinking water plants and gardeners. A questionnaire was sent to the subj...

According to the IPCC guidelines, CO2 emissions from biomass should be excluded from the entire amount of CO2 emissions when calculating CO2 emissions and should be separately reported due to the “carbon neutrality.” Sewage sludge is one of the representative biomass fuels. And it is mixed with fossil fuels in terms of greenhouse gas reduction or is used as fuel to replace fossil fuels by itsel...

BACKGROUND Workers exposed to sewage may have an increased risk of infection by Helicobacter pylori and hepatitis E virus (HEV). OBJECTIVES To assess the incidence of clinical hepatitis E and peptic ulcers and the seroconversion rate of antibodies to H pylori and HEV in workers with and without sewage exposure. METHODS 332 workers exposed to sewage and a control group of 446 municipal manua...