The study of the ecology and natural history of species has traditionally ceased when a species goes extinct, despite the benefit to current and future generations of potential findings. We used the extinct Carolina parakeet as a case study to develop a framework investigating the distributional limits, subspecific variation, and migratory habits of this species as a means to recover important ...

The prevalence of similarly ringed colour patterns in Neotropical snake species has stimulated heated controversy over the cause of this apparent convergence since it was first noted by Cope (1860) and Wallace (1870) in the last century. These ringed and banded species include venomous (neurotoxic) elapid coral snakes (Micrurus) and a number of mildly or non-venomous colubrid and anniliid snake...

We present an efficient and robust algorithm to compute the intersection curve of two ringed surfaces, each being the sweep ∪uC generated by a moving circle. Given two ringed surfaces ∪uC 1 and ∪vC 2 , we formulate the condition C 1 ∩ C 2 = ∅ (i.e., that the intersection of the two circles C 1 and C v 2 is nonempty) as a bivariate equation λ(u, v) = 0 of relatively low degree. Except for redund...

For every ring R, we construct a ringed space NCSpec(R) and for every ring homomorphism R → S, a morphism of ringed spaces NCSpec(S) → NCSpec(R). We show that this gives a fully faithful contravariant functor from the category of rings to a category of ringed spaces. If R is a commutative ring, we show that NCSpec(R) can be viewed as a natural completion of Spec(R). We then explain how the spac...

Individual specialization (IS), where individuals within populations irrespective of age, sex, and body size are either specialized or generalized in terms of resource use, has implications on ecological niches and food web structure. Niche size and degree of IS of near-top trophic-level marine predators have been little studied in polar regions or with latitude. We quantified the large-scale l...

Red blood cell transfusions remain one of the cornerstones in supportive care of lower-risk patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. We hypothesized that patients develop oxidant-mediated tissue injury through the formation of toxic iron species, caused either by red blood cell transfusions or by ineffective erythropoiesis. We analyzed serum samples from 100 lower-risk patients with myelodyspla...

Since 1987, the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) has collected tissues from 18 marine mammal species. Specimens are archived in the National Institute of Standards and Technology's National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank (NIST-NBSB). AMMTAP has collected blubber, liver and/or kidney specimens from a number of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from the areas near Nome and Barrow, Al...