The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein family is highly expanded in terrestrial plants. Arabidopsis contains 450 PPR genes, which represents 2% of the total protein-coding genes. PPR proteins are eukaryote-specific RNA-binding proteins implicated in multiple aspects of RNA metabolism of organellar genes. Most PPR proteins affect a single or small subset of gene(s), acting in a gene-specific...

Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins are one of the major protein families in flowering plants, containing around 450 members. They participate in RNA editing and are related to plant growth, development and reproduction, as well as to responses to ABA and abiotic stresses. Their characteristics have been described in silico; however, relatively little is known about their biochemical properties. ...

ناممکن­ ها نیروهایی بالقوه هستند که می‌روند تا بالفعل شوند و در آستانۀ ایجاد صیرورتند. میانجی‌ها نیز نقش میانجیگری میانه‌ای بین بودن هر امری دارند ایجادکنندۀ آفرینش هستند. این به‌خوبی آثار معماری مشهود است. نوشتار حاضر برای فهم بهتر مفاهیم، بر ساختار آیزنمن متمرکز است پاسخ‌گویی به مسئلۀ مورد نظر، رویکرد تبیین با نگرش فلسفی ژیل دلوز هم‌راستا تعامل بیان می‌شود؛ چراکه یک فرایند معماری‌ یکی از محور...

یکی از نیازهای برنامه‌های بازسازی پس سوانحْ کاهش هزینه و مدت زمان تأمین مسکن است؛ اما غالباً راهکارهای متخصصان برنامه‌ریزان برای برآورده کردن انتظارات بهره‌برداران نیز توجه کافی به خانوارهای کم‌درآمد با شکست مواجه می‌شوند. ایشان سعی دارند استانداردسازی، همسان‌سازی (تیپ‌سازی)، تولید انبوه این هدف دست یابند، درحالی‌که شناخت بررسی ارزان در محلات شهری (ازجمله ساخت‌وساز غیررسمی خودجوش) می‌تواند اطلاعا...

A novel, to our knowledge, in situ photoirradiation system for solid-state NMR measurements is improved and demonstrated to successfully identify the M-photointermediate of pharaonis phoborhodopsin (ppR or sensory rhodopsin II), that of the complex with transducer (ppR/pHtrII), and T204A mutant embedded in a model membrane. The (13)C NMR signals from [20-(13)C]retinal-ppR and ppR/pHtrII reveale...

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute and highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants, which is newly emerging in Pakistan. Information provided by participatory disease surveillance teams was used to develop a database for PPR outbreaks in Pakistan. Twenty-four villages were selected throughout the country and field investigations were conducted in each village to study the dynam...

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is caused by a Morbillivirus that belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae. PPR is an acute, highly contagious and fatal disease primarily affecting goats and sheep, whereas cattle undergo sub-clinical infection. With morbidity and mortality rates that can be as high as 90%, PPR is classified as an OIE (Office International des Epizooties)-listed disease. Consideri...

Genomes of hepatitis E virus (HEV), rubivirus and cutthroat virus (CTV) contain a region of high proline density and low amino acid (aa) complexity, named the polyproline region (PPR). In HEV genotypes 1, 3 and 4, it is the only region within the non-structural open reading frame (ORF1) with positive selection (4-10 codons with dN/dS>1). This region has the highest density of sites with homopla...

The changes in serum haptoglobin (Hp) and amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in sheep with peste des petits ruminants (PPR) were investigated. Additionally, the relationships between these acute phase proteins and clinical symptoms were studied. Twenty sheep showing PPR virus antibodies in c-ELISA and 10 sheep PPR virus negative were used as the experimental and control groups. In the clinical exam...