This paper presents a comparative analysis of the biomechanical characteristics an external fixator with frame made two different materials (stainless steel and composite material) during anterior–posterior bending. Before test itself, representative configurations Sarafix were selected for application on lower leg upper extremities under designations B50 C50, which are most widely used in orth...

A simple and rapid gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed for the detection of cocoa butter equivalents (CBEs) in cocoa buffer (CB). It is based on the use of a 5 m nonpolar capillary column for the separation of the main triglycerides of CB according to their acyl/carbon numbers. The GC procedure was optimized to avoid thermal degradation of the triglycerides. By computing the ratio C54...

The electronic structure of small fullerenes determined experimentally by anion photoelectron spectroscopy is compared with calculations. A huge mass signal and a large gap of 1.3 eV comparable to the gap of C70 have been found for C32, indicating that this cluster is the most stable fullerene below C60. Also C36, C44, and C50 exhibit large gaps and surprisingly high stabilities. The criteria f...

The paper updates Isler's monograph of 1971 regarding the structures of naturally occurring carotenoids, their chemical reactions and their stereochemistry. Around ninety new structures are reported, including the new series of C30-carotenoids, enolized /3-diketones and several carotenoids with 2-hydroxy 3-rings. Progress in stereochemistry resulting in the configurational assignment of eleven ...

One of the most damaging actions affecting concrete is the abrupt temperature change (freeze-thaw cycles). The types of deterioration of concrete structures by cyclic freeze-thaw can be largely classified into surface scaling (characterized by the weight loss) and internal crack growth (characterized by the loss of dynamic modulus of elasticity). The present study explored the durability of con...

The biotechnologically relevant bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum, currently used for the million ton-scale production of amino acids for the food and feed industries, is pigmented due to synthesis of the rare cyclic C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin and its glucosides. The precursors of carotenoid biosynthesis, isopenthenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and its isomer dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, are s...