CIE 2006 model presents a convenient framework for calculating the cone fundamentals, and thus the color matching functions, for various ages of an average observer. CIE 2006 model incorporates three major physiological factors affecting observer variability, namely optical densities for the ocular media absorption, macular pigment absorption, and visual pigments in the outer segments of the ph...

One of the pharmacological targets of ethanol is the GABAA receptor (GABAR), whose function and expression are altered after chronic administration of ethanol. The details of the changes differ between experimental models. In the chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) model for alcohol dependence, rats are exposed to intermittent episodes of intoxicating ethanol and withdrawal, leading to a kindlin...

Chronic alcohol exposure-induced changes in reinforcement mechanisms and motivational state are thought to contribute to the development of cravings and relapse during protracted withdrawal. The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is a key structure of the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward system and plays an important role in mediating alcohol-seeking behaviors. Here we describe the long-lasting alterations...

The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* three-dimensional coordinates suggest strong correlations between the data of a* (red-green axis) and b* (blue-yellow axis), as both are located on the same plane in the model and should therefore show a strong dependency. In order to assess the veridicality of colour determinations, the null hypothesis of no significant changes in CIE-a...

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and crossed immunoelectrofocusing (CIEF) were used to characterize proteins and mucosubstance in the saline extract of human ocular mucus pooled from the normal eyes of donors. CIE resolved more components with greater specificity than previous techniques. Up to 25 components were identified. Lactoferrin, protein G, tear prealbumin, and ocular mucosubstance w...

A study was undertaken to assess the sensitivity and specificity of Counter Immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in the diagnosis of hydatidosis in buffaloes using sera samples collected at the time of slaughter. One hundred sera samples from buffaloes were screened for hydatidosis using fertile buffalo hydatid cyst fluid as antigen by CIE. Out of the 100 sera samples used, 61 were positive for hydatid ...

SIR, Salvarani et al. [1] recently published an article on risk factors for severe cranial ischaemic events (CIEs) in GCA. Some words of caution are warranted regarding the results of the study and their interpretation. First, 33/38 included patients (87%) with CIE had visual loss, mostly due to anterior ischaemic optic neuritis. These patients largely outweigh those with cerebrovascular accide...

sarcocystosis has been reported from most parts of the world, including ruminant animals in iran. based on this, immunoelectrophoresis profile of sarcocystis and comparison between serum and necropsy findings to determine sensitivity and specifity of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) was undertaken. for this purpose, serum was collected from a total number of 100 sheep. soluble antigen provide...

A counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) method for antigen detection using monoclonal antibody was assessed for its ability to aid in the rapid diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis in 59 patients. A positive diagnosis from a combination of results from tests of serum and urine was obtained in 51 (87%) of cases. For sera, CIE had a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 94%; for urine samples the sen...

The use of Counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) for the detection of pneumococcal capsular antigen in the sputum and serum of patients suffering from acute respiratory infections is described. The CIE of sputum gave positive results in 224 (99%) out of 225 samples in which Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated by cultural techniques, and in 23 (9%) out of 262 samples in which no or other potenti...