Background: Viral outgrowth assay (VOA) is a widely used culture assay to measure the latent HIV-1 reservoir harboring replication-competent HIV-1 in resting CD4+ T cells in patients on HAART. However, the assay is costly, and both labor and resource intensive. To overcome some of these issues with the VOA, we designed an assay using ultra deep sequencing (UDS), which directly analyzes the numb...

A variable optical attenuator (VOA) based on polymer stabilized twisted nematic (PSTN) liquid crystal (LC) is demonstrated. Comparing with the normal twisted nematic LC-based VOA, PSTN exhibits a much faster response time. Moreover, the polymer networks effectively eliminate the backflow effect which exists in the normal TNLC cell. The attenuation mechanism of the PSTN LC was studied. Both pola...

Views on aging (VoA) are meaningful predictors of well-being, health, cognitive impairment, and mortality. One underlying pathway could be that negative VoA promote perceived stress. However, little is known about the role stress perceptions as an antecedent personal VoA. In this study, we therefore investigated longitudinal reciprocal association between three established constructs representi...

We give some examples of nonassociative algebras which occur in VOA theory and finite group theory. A good theory of these algebras could be useful.

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a neurological disorder of the voice where a patient's ability to speak is compromised due to involuntary contractions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Since the 1980s, SD has been treated with botulinum toxin A (BTX) injections into the throat. This therapy is limited by the delayed-onset of benefits, wearing-off effects, and repeated injections required every 3 ...