Despite multiple sexual exposure to HIV-1 virus, some individuals remain HIV-1 seronegative (exposed seronegative, ESN). The mechanisms underlying this resistance remain still unclear, although a multifactorial pathogenesis can be hypothesised. Although several genetic factors have been related to HIV-1 resistance, the homozigosity for a mutation in CCR5 gene (the 32 bp deletion, i.e. CCR5-Delt...

Echo state networks (ESN) and ensembles of neural networks are developed for the prediction of the monthly sunspots series. Through numerical evaluation on this benchmark data set it has been shown that the feedback ESN models outperform feedforward MLP. Furthermore, it is shown that median fusion lead to robust predictors, and even can improve the prediction accuracy of the best individual pre...

A new class of state-space models, reservoir models, with a fixed state transition structure (the "reservoir") and an adaptable readout from the state space, has recently emerged as a way for time series processing and modeling. Echo state network (ESN) is one of the simplest, yet powerful, reservoir models. ESN models are generally constructed in a randomized manner. In our previous study (Rod...

Time-series data is an appealing study topic in mining and has a broad range of applications. Many approaches have been employed to handle time series classification (TSC) challenges with promising results, among which deep neural network methods become mainstream. Echo State Networks (ESN) Convolutional Neural (CNN) are commonly utilized as TSC research. However, ESN CNN can only extract local...

OBJECTIVE To determine the rate of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, to evaluate the role of history, neurological examination and the electrodiagnostic methods in the diagnosis of DSP, and to determine the association between electromyography-supported neuropathy (ESN), neuropathic complaints (NCs) and risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A tota...

Preoperative differentiation of benign endometrial stromal nodule (ESN) from malignant low-grade endometrial sarcoma (LGESS) is challenging, because it requires histological evaluation of the tumor-myometrium interface, which is difficult to obtain in conventional endometrial curettage. A 72-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with 5-year history of persistent vaginal bleeding. Histological...

The traditional echo state network (ESN) is a special type of a temporally deep model, the recurrent network (RNN), which carefully designs the recurrent matrix and fixes both the recurrent and input matrices in the RNN. The ESN also adopts the linear output (or readout) units to simplify the leanring of the only output matrix in the RNN. In this paper, we devise a special technique that takes ...

In this report we present a method of adding a feedback control mechanism to an echo state network (ESN) pattern generator in order to modulate its output patterns with the purpose of tracking slowly varying control targets, e.g. shift, amplitude, or frequency of an oscillatory pattern. A proofof-principle case study is presented where a basic ESN is trained to produce a stable sinewave oscilla...

We combined endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and sentinel node navigation surgery with the purpose of achieving complete resection of early gastric cancer while preserving the organ and assessing pathological nodal status. A total of 13 patients with cT1( ≤ 3 cm)N0 early gastric cancer underwent combined ESD and sentinel node navigation surgery (ESN) at a single tertiary referral center. ...

TLRs trigger innate immunity that recognizes conserved motifs of invading pathogens, resulting in cellular activation and release of inflammatory factors. The influence of TLR activation on resistance to HIV-1 infection has not been investigated in HIV-1 exposed seronegative (ESN) individuals. PBMCs isolated from heterosexually ESN individuals were stimulated with agonists specific for TLR3 (po...