Cardiomyopathy is a puzzling complication in addition to skeletal muscle pathology for patients with mutations in β-, γ- or δ-sarcoglycan (SG) genes. Patients with mutations in α-SG rarely have associated cardiomyopathy, or their cardiac pathology is very mild. We hypothesize that a fifth SG, ε-SG, may compensate for α-SG deficiency in the heart. To investigate the function of ε-SG in striated ...

The current study investigated the anticancer properties of gold nanoparticles (SG-stabilized AuNPs) synthesized using water extracts of the brown seaweed Sargassum glaucescens (SG). SG-stabilized AuNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The SG-stabilized AuNPs were stable ...

The smart grid (SG) integrates the power grid and the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) with the aim of achieving more reliable and safe power transmission and distribution to the customers. Integrating the power grid with the ICT exposes the SG to systems security threats and vulnerabilities that could be compromised by malicious users and attackers. This paper presents a SG syste...

Cytokines and their intercellular signals regulate the multipotency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The present study established the MSC lines SG‑2, ‑3, and ‑5 from the bone marrow of green fluorescent protein (GFP)‑transgenic mice. These cell lines clearly expressed mouse MSC markers Sca‑1 and CD44, and SG‑2 and ‑5 cells retained the potential for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation i...

Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1ss and IL-6, have been detected in the cerebellum of Rora(sg/sg) mice during the first postnatal month of neurodegenerative process. This suggests the existence of a microglial reaction in the context of an inflammatory process that would be triggered by the massive neuronal loss. To test this hypothesis, we qualitatively and quantitati...

BACKGROUND With the addition of laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to the bariatric surgery procedural toolkit, patients desiring a restrictive bariatric procedure often choose between adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and SG. One study compared quality of life after these 2 procedures and found no difference. The purpose of our study was to re-evaluate the postoperative quality of l...

Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a development disorder of the enteric nervous system in which the altered innervation explains the inability of the aganglionic segment to relax. Impairment of cytoskeleton in SMC of aganglionic bowel has been shown. Sarcoglycan subcomplex (SG) may support the development and maintenance of muscle cells. We examined the SG subunit expression in colonic aganglionic...

Stress granule (SG) assembly represents a conserved eukaryotic defense strategy against various insults. Although essential for the ability to cope with deleterious conditions, the signaling pathways controlling SG formation are not fully understood. The energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is critical for the cellular stress response. Human cells produce two AMPK catalytic α-subun...

In fundamental analysis, it is customary to interpret an increase in the ratio of selling, general, and administrative costs to sales (the SG&A cost ratio) between two periods as a negative signal about future profitability and firm value. Implicit in this interpretation is an expectation that SG&A costs should normally move proportionately with increases or decreases in revenues, and that an i...