BACKGROUND Increasing arginine (Arg) availability reduces atrophy in cultured skeletal muscle cells. Supplementation with its metabolic precursor citrulline (Cit) is more effective at improving skeletal muscle Arg concentrations. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that Cit supplementation would attenuate skeletal muscle atrophy and loss of function during hindlimb immobilization in mice. ME...

After administration of the serotonergic antidepressant citalopram (CIT) to beagle dogs, they may experience severe convulsive attacks in relation with considerably higher plasma concentrations metabolite didesmethyl-CIT (DDCIT), when compared those humans medicated CIT. This pilot study aimed at determining role cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) isozymes vitro metabolism CIT desmethyl-CIT (DCIT), and ...

AIM To identify the factors influencing cecal insertion time (CIT) and to evaluate the effect of obesity indices on CIT. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data for participants who received both colonoscopy and abdominal computed tomography (CT) from February 2008 to May 2008 as part of a comprehensive health screening program. Age, gender, obesity indices [body mass index (BMI), waist-...

Applications that have been a huge success in private collaboration – such as video conferencing, application sharing or social tagging systems –, have been failures in business collaboration. The benefits of Collaborative Information Technology (CIT) have been discussed in research and acknowledged by many companies for quite some time. However, the usage of such technology in business context...

OBJECTIVE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a highly metabolic tissue that generates heat and is negatively associated with obesity. BAT has been proposed to mediate both cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). Therefore, it was investigated whether there is a relationship between CIT and DIT in humans. METHODS Nine healthy men (23 ± 3 years old, 23.0 ± 1.8 kg m(-2)...

Maternal malnutrition can elicit gene expression leading to fetal programming. L-citrulline (CIT) can be converted to L-arginine to generate nitric oxide (NO). We examined whether maternal CIT supplementation can prevent N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME, NO synthase inhibitor)-induced programmed hypertension and examined their effects on the renal transcriptome in male offspring using...

Two experiments were conducted with young pigs to determine the efficacy of ornithine (Orn) or citrulline (Cit) as precursors of arginine (Arg). In Exp. 1, pigs were individually fed an Arg-deficient, semipurified diet (.18% Arg) supplemented with .3% Arg or an equimolar quantity of Orn or Cit. Supplemental Arg or Cit increased rate and efficiency of weight gain, but Orn addition was without ef...

BACKGROUND Sepsis leads to a complex systemic response of cytokines (both pro- and anti-inflammatory) and more recently recognized adipokine mediators. Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) may be a key component in regulating this response, but the pharmacologic manipulation of endothelial NO via L-arginine supplementation or inhibitors has provided inconsistent clinical data related to outcomes. Thes...

The research objective of this study was to explore the cultural differences and challenges encountered by the Chinese Immersion Teacher (CIT) and how the CIT deal with the cultural differences in the immersion classroom. A qualitative case study approach was chosen for this research. The participant was a novice kindergarten immersion teacher who was born and educated in a Chinese-speaking cou...

The research objective of this study was to explore the cultural differences and challenges encountered by the Chinese Immersion Teacher (CIT) and how the CIT deal with the cultural differences in the immersion classroom. A qualitative case study approach was chosen for this research. The participant was a novice kindergarten immersion teacher who was born and educated in a Chinese-speaking cou...