introduction echo-planar imaging (epi) is a group of fast data acquisition methods commonly used in fmri studies. it acquires multiple image lines in k-space after a single excitation, which leads to a very short scan time. a well-known problem with epi is that it is more sensitive to distortions due to the used encoding scheme. source of distortion is inhomogeneity in the static b0 field that ...

A crucial attribute in movement encoding is an adequate balance between suppression of unwanted muscles and activation of required ones. We studied movement encoding across the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA) by inspecting the positive and negative blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals in these regions. Using periodic and event-related experiments incorpo...

Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used as a measure of neuronal activity, despite an incomplete understanding of the hemodynamic and neural bases for BOLD signals. Recent work by Lee and colleagues investigated whether activating genetically specified neurons elicits BOLD responses. Integrating optogenetic control of specific cells a...

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of cabazitaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients from the named patient programme (NPP) at our centre. Methods: mCRPC patients who progressed on docetaxel were given cabazitaxel intravenously every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Overall survival, prog...

In the application of hypercapnic normalization to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response to a functional stimulus is typically divided by the BOLD response to a hypercapnic challenge. While some prior studies have shown that hypercapnic normalization can reduce inter-subject BOLD variability, other studies have found an incre...

é«˜åˆ†å¤šæ¨¡å«æ˜Ÿæ­è½½ä¸­å›½é¦–å°æ°‘ç”¨å¤§æ°”åŒæ­¥æ ¡æ­£ä»ªï¼Œå¯ä»¥å¯¹åŒå¹³å°çš„é«˜åˆ†è¾¨çŽ‡ç›¸æœºè§‚æµ‹åŒºåŸŸè¿›è¡Œæ—¶é—´åŒæ­¥ã€è§†åœºè¦†ç›–çš„å¤§æ°”å‚æ•°æµ‹é‡ï¼Œå®žçŽ°å¯¹é«˜åˆ†è¾¨çŽ‡å›¾åƒçš„å¤§æ°”æ ¡æ­£ã€‚æ–‡ç« è®ºè¿°äº†é«˜åˆ†å¤šæ¨¡å«æ˜Ÿå¤§æ°”åŒæ­¥æ ¡æ­£çš„æ€»ä½“è®¾è®¡æ€è·¯ï¼Œå¹¶ç»™å‡ºäº†æ—¶ç©ºåŒæ­¥ã€å¤šè°±æ®µã€å¤šåæŒ¯é€šé“æŽ¢æµ‹ä½“åˆ¶çš„è®¾è®¡æ–¹æ¡ˆå’Œåœ°é¢éªŒè¯ç»“æžœã...