3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter explains the methods to improve the directivity, and bandwidth of microstrip antenna array, using EBG structures and the FSS as a superstrate layer. This chapter also details the concept, principles of operation and the geometries of the unit cell of various EBG structures used, along with the microstrip antenna array configuration. Using the Multiconductor Transmi...

Metallo-dielectric electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures are studied in the millimeter regime with a finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulator. Several EBG waveguiding structures are considered for millimeter-wave power splitting, switching and filtering operations. It is demonstrated that triangular EBG structures lend themselves naturally to the design of Y-power splitters. Square EBG...

This study investigates the performance of a dipole antenna above electromagnetic band gap (EBG) substrates with different number of patches to realize a low specific absorption rate (SAR) antenna for a 4G wireless communications system (3.5 GHz band). A cubic head model is used for the initial analysis to estimate the radiation characteristics and the SAR of the antenna. Computational results ...

Triangular latt ice Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) St ructure in the ground plane is used in the design of a Triangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (TMPA) Array to improve its bandwidth. The patch elements are equilateral t riangular in shape. The Equilateral Triangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (ETMPA) Array design has four patch elements in 2×2 form with ground plane having circular cutouts formi...

Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures are usually realized by periodic arrangement of dielectric materials. These periodic structures can help in the reduction of mutual coupling in array antennas. In this paper a new arrangement of EBG structures is presented for reducing mutual coupling between patch antenna MIMO arrays. The patch antennas operate at 5.35GHz which is defined for wireless ...

The evolution of new metabolic functions is being studied in the laboratory using the EBG system of E. coli as a model system. It is demonstrated that the evolution of lactose utilization by lacZ deletion strains requires a series of structural and regulatory gene mutations. Two structural gene mutations act to increase the activity of ebg enzyme toward lactose, and to permit ebg enzyme to conv...

The EBG system builds an explanation and learns a concept de nition as its generalization provided a domain theory is complete. It does not work when a domain theory is incomplete. Then we introduce a notion of generalizations by an analogy which makes it possible to construct rules necessary for domain theories. Furthermore, we develop EBG by analogical reasoning which copes with the incomplet...