This review will examine the possibilities for providing anaesthesia for casualties in challenging situations.There is a limited evidence base on which to draw as most anaesthetists faced with such problems will generate their own solution based on experience and personal preference. Military personnel are perhaps more likely to encounter these challenges and may be trained anaesthetists or jun...

We consider the scalar equation ẋ(t)+ m ∑ j=1 aj(t) ∫ h 0 x(t − s)dr j(s) = 0 (h = const > 0, ẋ = dx/dt), where r j(s) are nondecreasing functions. Besides, we do not require that aj(t) are positive for all t 0 . So the function z+ m ∑ j=1 aj(t) ∫ h

The Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population is important in genetics due to its high rate of Mendelian disorders. AJ appeared in Europe in the 10th century, and their ancestry is thought to comprise European (EU) and Middle-Eastern (ME) components. However, both the time and place of admixture are subject to debate. Here, we attempt to characterize the AJ admixture history using a careful application ...

1. APPROXIMATE TOP-K Let {e1, e2, . . . , el} be a set of distinct records in a database, with unique IDs {id1, id2, . . . , idl}. Let A1, A2, . . . , Ap be a set of distinct attributes for each record. For every record ei, the attribute Aj is zero or some positive value. We denote the value of the attribute Aj of record ei by Aj(ei). The sum of the attributes of ei is denoted by Ni = ∑ j Aj(ei...

Consider rolling a die with k sides, labeled a1, a2, ..., and ak, respectively. Let P(aj) be the ‘probability’ that a particular side aj appears after rolling the die. Before attempting to calculate P(aj), it is necessary to clarify the meaning of the word ‘probability’. In other words, we must specify what the number P(aj) quantifies. In statistics, the concept of ‘probability’ is formally int...

Cadherins mediate the formation of cell-cell adherens junctions (AJ) by homophilic interactions through their extracellular domains as well as by interacting with the actin cytoskeleton via their cytoplasmic portions. Cadherin clustering initiates cytoplasmic signaling that results in the assembly of structural components into cell-cell AJ. To elucidate the function of the cytoplasmic tail of c...

Tissue morphogenesis requires assembling and disassembling individual cell-cell contacts without losing epithelial integrity. This requires dynamic control of adherens junction (AJ) positioning around the apical domain, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. We show that atypical Protein Kinase C (aPKC) is required for symmetric AJ positioning during Drosophila embryogenesis. aPKC is dispensa...

Proof of Proposition 1. Suppose an attribute value ai is not recorded in any of the data sources S1 through Sn for an entity instance. Then, from Assumptions 1 and 2 in the paper, we have P A= ai AS1 = ak AS2 = al ASn = atW i = k i = l i = t = P AS1 = ak A= ai P AS2 = al A= ai × · · ·×P ASn = at A= ai P AS1 = ak AS2 = al ASn = at P A= ai = 1−R A S1 / m− 1 1−RS2 / m− 1 × · · ·× 1−RSn / m− 1 P AS...