This paper empirically investigates the causal relationship between energy prices and economic performance in South Africa by employing auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test technique for period 1994 to 2019. The empirical evidence that was reviewed used a different methodology covered periods, particularly African context. While previous studies investigated examining oil or elect...

This study intends to examine the nature & direction of relationship between stock market movements, particularly decline, and its liquidity in 14 selected emerged emerging economies (G8+5 Pakistan) for January 2001 through December 2017 by applying Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test Granger-causality test. Trading value turn over ratio are employed measure liquidity. Results...