The current study examined the effects of operant ethanol (EtOH) self-administration on gene expression kin the nucleus accumbens (ACB) and amygdala (AMYG) of inbred alcohol-preferring (iP) rats. Rats self-trained on a standard two-lever operant paradigm to administer either water-water, EtOH (15% v/v)-water, or saccharin (SAC; 0.0125% g/v)-water. Animals were killed 24 h after the last operant...

Recent studies in patients with treatment-resistant depression have shown similar results with the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG), ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) and nucleus accumbens (Acb). As these brain regions are interconnected, one hypothesis is that by stimulating these targets one would just be influencing different relays in the s...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this 6-month prospective randomized clinical study was to compare the effectiveness of autogenous cortical bone (ACB) and bioactive glass (BG) grafting for the regenerative treatment of intraosseous periodontal defects. METHODS Via a split-mouth design, 15 chronic periodontitis patients (7 men, 8 women; mean age, 43.47 ± 1.45 years) who had probing pocket depths (PPDs) of...

Theresistance mechanisms exhibited by the five selected maize varieties against Ostrinia furnacalis [Gueene] or Asian corn borer (ACB) were identified and evaluated in study terms of insects’ percent mortality development. The detached leaf-feeding assay was used experiment laid out Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments replicated three times. Findings among tested ACB, Bt had a hi...

BACKGROUND Some drugs of abuse down regulate the expression of cystine/glutamate (xCT) antiporter in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) after extinction or withdrawal. The altered level of xCT exchanger in Acb, a structure involved in ethanol reinforcement, may contribute to the pathological glutamatergic signaling, linked to addiction. We hypothesized that the expression of xCT may be changed in Acb ...

Neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that innervate the nucleus accumbens (Acb) constitute the so-called mesoaccumbens system. Increased activity by these neurons is correlated with the expectation and achievement of reward. The mesoaccumbens projection neurons are regarded as a central node in the brain networks that regulate drive and hedonic experience, and their dysregulation is a co...

Understanding how the information contained in genes is mapped onto the phenotypes, and deriving formal frameworks to search for generic aspects of developmental constraints and evolution remains one of the main challenges of contemporary biological research. The Mexican endemic triurid Lacandonia schismatica (Lacandoniaceae), a mycoheterotrophic monocotyledonous plant with hermaphroditic repro...

The mirror (or bipartite complement) mir(B) of a bipartite graph B = (X,Y,E) has the same color classes X and Y as B, and two vertices x ∈ X and y ∈ Y are adjacent in mir(B) if and only if xy / ∈ E. A bipartite graph is chordal bipartite if none of its induced subgraphs is a chordless cycle with at least six vertices. In this paper, we deal with chordal bipartite graphs whose mirror is chordal ...

During the past two decades, the utilization of Active Chilled Beam (ACB) systems as promising air-conditioning systems has becoming increasingly prevalent in Europe, North America and Asia. However, the studies on air distribution of ACB systems are still inadequate. The air distribution has a great impact on thermal comfort. The ununiformity of air distribution will easily lead to turbulent f...

The ACB search-coil magnetometer for Cross-Scale will measure three components of the AC magnetic field up to 4 kHz, and one component up to 100 kHz. Turbulent and coherent magnetic field fluctuations in the frequency range of ACB play an important role in the acceleration, scattering, and thermalisation of particles; ACB observations will, together with the other instruments of the wave consor...