A consecutive series of 99 untreated patients undergoing radical surgical resection for stage I-IV laryngeal carcinomas has been studied prospectively. Our purpose was to analyze the predictive relevance of proliferative variables studied [proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, volume-corrected mitotic (M/V) index, and S-phase fraction (SPF)] on clinical outcome in relation to DN...

The sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreens is determined by a testing protocol that specifies a sunscreen application rate of 2 mg/cm(2) on the skin. Most people, for cosmetic and economic reasons, only apply enough sunscreen to achieve an SPF of about a third or even a quarter of the level stated on the product. To increase public awareness of the problem, manufacturers could be required to...

سابقه و هدف: سلامت خاک از مولفه ‏های اصلی در دستیابی به سامانه ‏‏های کشاورزی پایدار بوده که شدت تحت تاثیر عملیات زراعی مانند خاکورزی قرار می ‏گیرد. را توان با استفاده پارامترهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی بیولوژیکی قالب الگوریتم‏ های مشخص کمّی کرد. نتیجه، بررسی وضعیت کیفی باروری مدیریتی مختلف زمین جهت استقرار مناسب برای تولید بهینه نظام‌های امری ضروری می‏ باشد. چارچوب ارزیابی مدیریت SMAF 1 عنوان ابزاری قدر...

The relationship between c-erbB-2 gene expression (assessed immunohistochemically), S-phase fraction (SPF) and prognosis has been analysed in 172 women with primary breast cancer. c-erbB-2 staining was independent of age, tumour size, number of nodes involved, tumour grade and DNA ploidy, but was more common in oestrogen receptor (ER) negative tumours (P = 0.02) and progesterone receptor (PgR) ...

Spirulina platensis (SP) is a blue-green microalga that has recently raised attention not only as a nutritional component, but also as a source of bioactivities that have therapeutic effects and may find application in medicine, including cancer treatment. In the present study we determined the cytotoxic effect of S. platensis filtrates (SPF) on human colon cancer cell line Caco-2. Three concen...

Replacement boars and gilts are potential carriers of infectious agents for pig production farms. Demand for healthy breeding stock is increasing. Consequently, production facilities of these animals should be of high health. However, from a genetic point of view questions should be raised whether 1) genetic trend realized under high health conditions (SPF) will be expressed in the same magnitu...

SPF-eggs are used for the production and control of vaccines for humans and animals. This presentation describes the major areas in which embryonated SPF-eggs are used. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of using these eggs in production and control of vaccines will be discussed in comparison to conventional eggs on the one hand and cell lines which are derived from SPF-eggs on the o...