Fluctuating asymmetry is a sensitive indicator of favorable conditions during the period individual development. The influence climatic factors, biotopic conditions, latitude, altitude, and age plants from natural populations silver birch Betula pendula Roth was analyzed. material consisted 13,000 leaves 11 regions north-eastern Siberia. 23 factors six integrated coefficients characterizing gen...

Aluminium (Al) is rhizotoxic and is often present in acidic soils at activities high enough to inhibit root elongation. The objectives of the present study were to assess the level of Al tolerance in different races of Betula pendula Roth (Silver Birch) and to investigate how growth and nutrient acquisition were affected by Al. A solution culture technique was employed which simulated natural s...

Silver and downy birch (Betula pendula Roth B. pubescens Ehrhs) are pioneer species which play an important role in forest regeneration disturbed areas. Knowledge of seed production dispersal is key to making good predictions the persistence colonization birch. Both processes can be affected by density trees neighbourhood. In this study, we studied two plots Wytham Woods, UK, 2015, investigated...