BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in the establishment and development of endometriosis. Thioredoxin (TRX) is an endogenous redox regulator that protects cells against oxidative stress, and TRX-binding protein-2 (TBP-2) is a negative regulator of TRX in the biological function and expression. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of TRX and TBP-2 in the patho...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the primary pathogenic molecules produced in viral lung infections. We previously reported on the use of a recombinant human serum albumin (HSA)-thioredoxin 1 (Trx) fusion protein (HSA-Trx) for extending the half-life Trx, an endogenous protein with anti-oxidant properties. As a result, it was possible to overcome the unfavorable pharmacokinetic and short pharm...

In chloroplasts, thioredoxin (TRX) isoforms and NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) act as redox regulatory factors involved in multiple plastid biogenesis and metabolic processes. To date, less is known about the functional coordination between TRXs and NTRC in chlorophyll biosynthesis. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential functions of TRX m and NTRC in the regulation of...

INTRODUCTION Thioredoxin (TRX) is assumed to be beneficial in acute inflammatory diseases because of its potent antioxidant properties and an inhibitory effect on neutrophil evasion into sites of inflammation. OBJECTIVE To compare plasma levels of thioredoxin in septic patients and to investigate the role of thioredoxin in a polymicrobial septic mouse model. DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS A combi...

Das, Kumuda C., Xiao-Ling Guo, and Carl W. White. Induction of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase gene expression in lungs of newborn primates by oxygen. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 20): L530–L539, 1999.— Thioredoxin (TRX) is a potent protein disulfide oxidoreductase important in antioxidant defense and regulation of cell growth and signal transduction processes, among them...

The thioredoxin-h (Trx-h) family of Arabidopsis thaliana comprises cytosolic disulfide reductases. However, the physiological function Trx-h2, which contains an additional 19 amino acids at its N-terminus, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated molecular Trx-h2 both in vitro and vivo found that overexpression (Trx-h2OE) lines showed significantly longer roots than wild-type plants unde...

Plant thioredoxins (Trxs) constitute a complex family of thiol oxidoreductases generally sharing a WCGPC active site sequence. Some recently identified plant Trxs (Clot, Trx-like1 and -2, Trx-lilium1, -2, and -3) display atypical active site sequences with altered residues between the two conserved cysteines. The transcript expression patterns, subcellular localizations, and biochemical propert...

The activity of the chloroplast H+-ATPase (CFoCF1) is regulated by the proton electrochemical membrane potential and the reduction or the formation of the disulphide bridge on the gamma-subunit mediated by chloroplast thioredoxins (Trx). The latter regulation also applies to the water-soluble portion of CFoCF1 (CF1) and includes two successive steps, namely the binding of Trx to CF1 and the sub...

Enzymic catalysts of thiol:disulfide oxidoreduction contain two cysteine residues in their active sites. Another common residue is an aspartate (or glutamate), the role of which has been unclear. Escherichia coli thioredoxin (Trx) is the best characterized thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase, and in Trx these three active-site residues are Cys32, Cys35, and Asp26. Structural analyses had indicated t...

The trithorax (trx) gene functions in segment determination in Drosophila through interaction with genes of the bithorax complex and Antennapedia complex. Genetic evidence suggests that trx may be considered a positive regulator of homeotic genes. Sequencing of cDNAs corresponding to the entire trx transcription unit revealed the existence of an unusually long open reading frame encoding 3759 a...