The phylogeographical patterns and population genetic structures of Varicorhinus barbatulus in Taiwan were investigated based on genetic diversity of 34 allozyme loci and nucleotide sequences of 3' end of the cytochrome b gene, tRNA genes, D-loop control region, and the 5' end of the 12S rRNA of mtDNA. Allozyme and mtDNA analyses revealing evident geographical structuring suggest limited gene f...

Most research to date has focused on epigenetic modifications in the nuclear genome, with little attention devoted to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Placental mtDNA content has been shown to respond to environmental exposures that induce oxidative stress, including airborne particulate matter (PM). Damaged or non-functioning mitochondria are specifically degraded through mitophagy, exemplified by l...

The mitochondrial DNA mutation m.1555A>G predisposes to hearing loss following aminoglycoside antibiotic exposure in an idiosyncratic dose-independent manner. However, it may also cause maternally inherited hearing loss in the absence of aminoglycoside exposure or any other clinical features (non-syndromic hearing loss). Although m.1555A>G was identified as a cause of deafness more than twenty ...

Bali cattle is one of Indonesia's original livestock genetic resources. The 12S rRNA can be used as a marker diversity, and until now, there has been no report on cattle. study was aimed to analyze the gene mtDNA determine haplotype diversity phylogenetics in populations eastern region Indonesia. A total 95 blood samples consisted three different which were cattle, Ongole crossbred (PO) Madura ...

It has proven remarkably difficult to obtain a well-resolved and strongly supported phylogeny for horned lizards (Phrynosoma) because of incongruence between morphological and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. We infer the phylogenetic relationships among all 17 extant Phrynosoma species using >5.1 kb of mtDNA (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, ND1, ND2, ND4, Cyt b, and associated tRNA genes), and >2.2kb from...

The complete 12S ribosomal RNA(rRNA) sequences from 23 gobioid species and nine diverse assortments of other fish species were employed to establish a core secondary structure model for fish 12S rRNA. Of the 43 stems recognized, 41 were supported by at least some compensatory evidence among vertebrates. The rates of nucleotide substitution were lower in stems than in loops. This may produce les...

We conducted a comparative evaluation of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes of the mitochondrial genome for molecular differentiation among three oryx species (Oryx leucoryx, Oryx dammah and Oryx gazella) with respect to two closely related outgroups, addax and roan. Our findings showed the failure of 12S rRNA gene to differentiate between the genus Oryx and addax, whereas a 342-bp partial sequence of...

Part of the replication origin-containing A+T-rich region of the Drosophila yakuba mtDNA molecule and segments on either side of this region have been sequenced, and the genes within them identified. The data confirm that the small and large rRNA genes lie in tandem adjacent to that side of the A+T-rich region which is replicated first, and establish that a tRNAval gene lies between the two rRN...

The evolutionary relationships among Japanese pond frogs (Rana nigromaculata, R.porosa porosa, and R. p. brevipoda) were investigated by analyzing nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) and 12S rRNA genes. The nucleotide sequences of 444-bp segment of the cyt b gene and 410-bp segment of 12S rRNA gene were determined by the PCR-direct sequencing method using 18 frogs from 13...

Mitochondrion harbors its own DNA, known as mtDNA, encoding certain essential components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and protein synthesis apparatus. mtDNA mutations have an impact on cellular ATP production and many of them are undoubtedly a factor that contributes to sensorineural deafness, including both syndromic and non-syndromic forms. Hot spot regions for deafness mutations ar...