background: germline mutations in mmr genes are reported to be present in more than 70% of hnpcc cases. but, there is a paucity of data regarding the importance of defect of mmr system in the gastric cancer in general. so, in this study, we used ihc stain formlh1,msh2, pms2 andmsh6 to reveal profile ofmmr expression in patients with gastric cancer. materials and methods: this study was performe...

PURPOSE This study evaluated estrogen receptor (ER)-beta mRNA and ER-beta protein expression and its prognostic implications in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. METHODS Paraffin sections from 139 hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cases were prepared. The expression of ER-beta mRNA and protein were analyzed by branched-chain assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. R...

BACKGROUND HER-2 is a prognostic and predictive marker, but as yet no technique is perfectly able to identify patients likely to benefit from HER-2 targeted therapies. We aimed to prospectively assess the added value of first-line co-testing by IHC, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). METHODS As local validation, HER-2 MLPA...

BACKGROUND Laboratory testing of HER2/neu in breast carcinoma has become vital to patient care following the approval of trastuzumab as the first therapy to target the HER2/neu oncoprotein. Initial clinical trials used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to test for HER2/neu overexpression in order to select patients for therapy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which tests for gene amplificat...

BACKGROUND Approximately 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) harbor Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) which monoclonally integrates into the genome and has prognostic significance. The presence or absence of MCPyV is usually diagnosed using CM2B4 immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MCPyV-large T antigen (LT) protein. However, this method poses a risk of misdiagnosis. METHODS In this study, we dete...

PURPOSE Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are used to determine human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status and patient eligibility for trastuzumab therapy. Using FISH and IHC, we analyzed the relationship between pathologic complete response to trastuzumab-based neoadjuvant therapy and level of HER-2 amplification in locally advanced breast ca...

BACKGROUND Compared with FISH and qRT-PCR analyses, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the preferred screening test in most pathology practices for ALK-rearrangement detection. With 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity, the VENTANA ALK (D5F3) IHC assay has been approved in the EU and some Asian countries for ALK-rearrangement detection. However, an automated Ventana IHC platform is not available in ...

HER2 amplification or overexpression is considered as disease outcome and a predictive marker of response to treatment in breast cancer. The present study aimed to compare the results of IHC and FISH for determining HER2 and to search the interpretational differences. Samples (n= 169), of which 31 were the paraffin blocks sent from outer centers, that underwent FISH analysis for HER-2 were incl...