BACKGROUND There are known to be variations in the origins of the superior thyroid artery (STA), an important surgical landmark, and 1 of its branches, the superior laryngeal artery (SLA). METHODS Three hundred thirty human embalmed heminecks were dissected. The results of previous studies were reviewed, and a meta-analysis is presented. RESULTS Four different origins for the STA were found...

Osteosarcoma (OSA), the most common malignant bone tumor in dogs and children, exhibits a similar clinical presentation and molecular biology in both species. Unfortunately, 30-40% of children and 90% of dogs still die of disease despite aggressive therapy. The purpose of this study was to test the biologic activity of a novel heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor, STA-1474, against OSA. Cani...

BACKGROUND Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin (STa) is a major cause of secretory diarrhoea in humans. AIMS To assess the effects of instilling STa into the ileum on remote fluid secretion in the jejunum and colon in rats in vivo by a gravimetric technique. METHODS AND RESULTS Ileal STa (55 ng/ml) stimulated fluid secretion in both ileal and jejunal loops but not in the colon. The flu...

The interleukin-12 (IL-12) cytokine induces the differentiation of naive T cells to the T helper cell type 1 (Th1) phenotype and is integral to the pathogenesis of Th1-mediated immunologic disorders. A more recently discovered IL-12 family member, IL-23, shares the p40 protein subunit with IL-12 and plays a critical role in the generation of effector memory T cells and IL-17-producing T cells. ...

OBJECTIVE The increased use of bypass surgery in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases requires a better understanding of the superficial temporal artery (STA) anatomy. This study is to describe the gross anatomy of STA in adult Korean population with respect to cranial surgery and to provide basic anatomic data for bypass surgery. METHODS The study evaluated retrospectively 35 p...

AIM The differentiation of destruction-induced thyrotoxicosis and Graves' disease (GD) is of great importance for selection of proper therapy. Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) is the gold standard for differentiating these two conditions but its application has remained somewhat limited. Thyroid color Doppler flow sonography (CDFS) is a potential alternative of RAIU but more supporting evidence...

An enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain isolated from a calf with clinical scours was found to produce over 17- to 60-fold more heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) than four laboratory-adapted bovine ETEC strains. The purified STa of this strain was identical to those produced by other ETEC strains. A severe form of scours was induced in 5- to 15-day-old colostrum-fed calves and in 1- to 2-...

Roads are land transportation facilities that very important in facilitating economic relations activities, both between one city and another. Good road conditions will facilitate the movement of people relationships other social activities. Meanwhile, if there is damage, it not only hinder but accidents can occur. Many factors cause including weather, weather on surface when rains, scorching h...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine if oral administration of the interleukin (IL) 12/IL-23 inhibitor, STA-5326, is effective in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). METHODS C57BL/6J mice were immunised with human interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein peptide (IRBP 1-20). STA-5326 at a dose of either 5 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg, or vehicle alone, was orally administe...