β-Lactam antibiotics were the earliest discovered and are the most widely used group of antibiotics that work by inactivating penicillin-binding proteins to inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis. As one of the most efficient defense strategies, many bacteria produce β-lactam-degrading enzymes, β-lactamases, whose biochemical functions and regulation have been extensively studied. A signal transduc...

The four-membered cyclic amides commonly known as 2-azetidinones or β-lactams occupy a prominent place in the realm of organic and medicinal chemistry since the structure elucidation of penicillin showed the presence of β-lactam ring in it and the antibacterial activity of penicillin was attributed to the presence of β-lactam ring. The early investigations in organic chemistry were focused on d...

BACKGROUND The emergence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negatives (MDRGNs) coupled with an alarming scarcity of new antibiotics has forced the optimization of the therapeutic potential of available antibiotics. To exploit the time above the minimum inhibitory concentration mechanism of β-lactams, prolonging their infusion may improve outcomes. The primary objective of this meta-analysis was to de...

β-lactam antibiotics are a broad class of antibiotics, consisting of all antibiotic agents that contain a β-lactam nucleus in its molecular structure. Till now β-lactams like penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems have been developed. Resistance to various β-lactam antibiotics among target pathogens were started with its first use.The most widespread and important cause is th...

UNLABELLED The objectives of this study were to learn about the characteristics and rules of the occurrence of adverse reactions caused by lactam antibiotics and provide a reference for clinical drug use. METHODS A retrospective study was made to analyse the 113 case reports of adverse reactions caused by β-lactam antibiotics collected in our hospital between 2007 and 2009. RESULTS 113 case...

The worldwide dissemination of CTX-M type β-lactamases is a threat to human health. Previously, we have reported the spread of bla(CTX-M-15) gene in different clinical strains of Enterobacteriaceae from the hospital settings of Aligarh in north India. In view of the varying resistance pattern against cephalosporins and other β-lactam antibiotics, we intended to understand the correlation betwee...

Many β-peptides fold in a 14-helical secondary structure in organic solvents, but similar 14-helix formation in water requires additional stabilizing elements. Especially the 14-helix stabilization of short β-peptides in aqueous solution is critical, due to the limited freedom for incorporating stabilizing elements. Here we show how a single lactam bridge, connecting two β-amino acid side-chain...

INTRODUCTION Several reports have shown marked heterogeneity of antibiotic pharmacokinetics (PK) in patients admitted to ICUs, which might potentially affect outcomes. Therefore, the pharmacodynamic (PD) parameter of the efficacy of β-lactam antibiotics, that is, the time that its concentration is above the bacteria minimal inhibitory concentration (T > MIC), cannot be safely extrapolated from ...

The combination of antibiotics is one of the strategies to combat drug-resistant bacteria, though only a handful of such combinations are in use, such as the β-lactam combinations. In the present study, the efficacy of a specific sub-inhibitory concentration of cefsulodin with other β-lactams was evaluated against a range of Gram-negative clinical isolates. This approach increased the sensitivi...